Complete-Linkage Clustering Analysis of Surrogate Measures for Road Safety Assessment in Roundabouts

Lenin Alexander Bulla Cruz; Liliana Lyons; Enrique Darghan

Ayuda

Complete-Linkage Clustering Analysis of Surrogate Measures for Road Safety Assessment in Roundabouts

Autores: Lenin Alexander Bulla Cruz, Liliana Lyons, Enrique Darghan
Localización: Revista Colombiana de Estadística, ISSN-e 2389-8976, ISSN 0120-1751, Vol. 44, Nº. 1, 2021, págs. 91-121
Idioma: inglés
DOI: 10.15446/rce.v44n1.81937
Títulos paralelos:
- Análisis de conglomerados mediante vecinos más lejanos en medidas sustitutas para la evaluación de seguridad vial en glorietas
Enlaces
- Texto completo

Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita

Resumen
- español
  Resumen Este artículo presenta los hallazgos de una evaluación comparativa de seguridad vial entre una glorieta clásica existente y una turboglorieta propuesta, en la misma intersección, para determinar cuál es más segura, con base en conflictos de tráfico y medidas sustitutas. Elaboramos modelos en VISSIM para recrear la operación del tráfico observada en campo y SSAM para determinar seis medidas sustitutas. Validamos la consistencia de los resultados por varios análisis estadísticos. El número de conflictos fue 72% menor en la turboglorieta. Mediante un análisis de conglomerados de las medidas sustitutas, los conflictos en la turboglorieta tienden a agruparse en un clúster, mientras que en la glorieta éstos están dispersos, sugiriendo una mejor organización de los flujos de tráfico en la turboglorieta. El análisis gráfico tridimensional de conglomerados y centroides permitió verificar que las medidas sustitutas indican una operación más segura en la turboglorieta, a pesar de presentar velocidades de aproximación más altas. Reduciendo la dimensionalidad, mediante análisis de componentes principales, la varianza acumulada de los dos primeros componentes (87.72%) permitió observar los resultados en dos dimensiones. Mediante análisis discriminante, respaldamos la clasificación de conflictos resultante de los clústeres. Los resultados validan la metodología y los beneficios en seguridad de la turboglorieta.
- English
  Abstract This paper presents the findings of a comparative road safety assessment between an existing two-lane roundabout and proposed basic turbo-roundabout, both designed for the same intersection, to determine which one is safer, based on traffic conflicts and surrogate safety measures. We performed microsimulation models in VISSIM to replicate the field-observed traffic operation, and the SSAM to determinate six surrogate measures. We validated the consistency of values obtained by several statistical analyzes. The number of conflicts was 72% lower at the turbo-roundabout. Through a complete-linkage clustering analysis and Euclidean distances of the surrogate measures, we found that traffic conflicts at the turbo-roundabout tend to cluster in a group, whereas conflicts at the roundabout are scattered, suggesting better organization of traffic flows at the turbo-roundabout. Three-dimensional graphical analysis of clusters and its centroids allowed verifying that surrogate measures point out a safer operation at the turbo-roundabout, even though it presented higher operating speeds. Reducing the dimensionality by principal components analysis, the cumulative variance for the first two components (87.72%) allowed observing results on a two-dimensional graph and their clusters. To endorse conflicts classification, resulting of clusters, we used discriminant analysis. Results validate the methodology and the safety benefits of the turbo-roundabout.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Archer, J. (2005). Methods for the Assessment and Prediction of Traffic Safety at Urban Intersections and their Application in Micro-simulation...
- Archer, J.,Kosonen, I. (2000). The potential of Micro-Simulation Modelling in Relation to Traffic Safety Assessment. 'ESS Conference...
- Balado, J.,Díaz-Vilariño, L.,Arias, P.,Novo, A. (2019). 'A safety analysis of roundabouts and turbo roundabouts based on petri nets'....
- Barajas, F. H.,Morales, J. C. C. (2009). 'Comparison for three classification techniques'. Revista Colombiana de Estadística. 32....
- Brown, G.,Chau, A.,DeCastilho, B.,Navin, F. (1984). Traffic conflict proce-dure and validation for road safety program. On behalf of the Insurance...
- Bulla-Cruz, L. A.,Castro, W. (2011). Analysis and comparison between two-lane roundabouts and turbo roundabouts based on a road safety audit...
- Bulla-Cruz, L. A.,Laureshyn, A.,Lyons, L. (2020). 'Event-based road safety assessment: A novel approach towards risk microsimulation in...
- Bulla-Cruz, L. A.,Lyons, L. (2020). Dirección Nacional Simit 'Transitemos 2018. 5. Federación Colombiana de Municipios. Bogotá.
- Cafiso, S.,Graziano, A. D.,Cava, G. L.,Pappalardo, G. (2013). 'Cost-effectiveness Evaluation of Different Safety Interventions Strategies...
- Campisi, T.,Tesoriere, G.,Canale, A. (2018). 'The variability of Level Of Service and Surrogate Safety Assessment of urban turbo -roundabout...
- Dowling, R.,Skabardonis, A.,Alexiadis, V. (2004). 'Traffic Analysis Toolbox Volume III: Guidelines for Applying Traffic Microsimulation...
- Elhassy, Z.,Abou-Senna, H.,Shaaban, K.,Radwan, E. (2020). 'The implications of converting a high-volume multilane roundabout into a turbo...
- Everitt, B. S.,Landau, S.,Leese, M.,Stahl, D. (2011). Cluster analysis: Fifth edition. 5. Wiley. London.
- Fortuijn, L. G. H. (2009). 'Turbo Roundabouts: Design Principles and Safety Performance'. Transportation research record. 16-24
- Galili, T. (2015). 'dendextend: An R package for visualizing, adjusting and comparing trees of hierarchical clustering'. Bioinformatics....
- Gallelli, V.,Vaiana, R. (2019). 'Safety improvements by converting a standard roundabout with unbalanced flow distribution into an egg...
- Gettman, D.,Head, L. (2003). 'Statistical Methods and Modeling and Safety Data, Analysis, and Evaluation: Safety and Human Performance....
- Gettman, D.,Pu, L.,Sayed, T.,Shelby, S. (2008). Surrogate Safety Assessment Model and Validation: Final Report. FHWA. McLean, VA.
- Habtemichael, F. G.,De Picado Santos, L. (2014). 'Crash risk evaluation of aggressive driving on motorways: Microscopic traffic simulation...
- Hatami, H.,Aghayan, I. (2017). 'Traffic efficiency evaluation of elliptical roundabout compared with modern and turbo roundabouts considering...
- Hayward, J. C. (1972). 'Nearmiss determination through use of a scale of danger'. Highway Research Record. 1. 24-34
- Huang, F.,Liu, P.,Yu, H.,Wang, W. (2013). 'Identifying if VISSIM simulation model and SSAM provide reasonable estimates for field measured...
- Hydén, C. (1987). 'The Development of a Method for Traffic Safety Evaluation: the Swedish Traffic Conflict Technique'.
- Johnson, R. A.,Wichern, D. W. (2007). Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. 6. Pearson Prentice Hall. New Jersey.
- Johnsson, C.,Laureshyn, A.,De Ceunynck, T. (2018). 'In search of surrogate safety indicators for vulnerable road users: a review of surrogate...
- Khasawneh, M. A.,Alsaleh, N. M. (2018). 'Turbo Roundabout Usage in Lieu of Conventional Roundabouts for the Jordanian Traffic Conditions'....
- Koorey, G.,Carpenter, M.,Appleton, I. (2003). Safety Audits of Existing Roads Database. Opus International Consultants Ltd, Central Laboratories....
- Kraay, J. H.,Horst, A. R. A.,Der, V.,Oppe, S. (2013). Manual conflict observation technique DOCTOR. Foundation Road safety for all. Voorburg....
- Laureshyn, A.,De Ceunynck, T.,Karlsson, C.,Svensson, Á.,Daniels, S. (2017). 'In search of the severity dimension of traffic events: Extended...
- Laureshyn, A.,Varhelyi, A. (2018). The Swedish Traffic Conflict technique: observer's manual. Transport & Roads, Department of Technology...
- Liu, Q.,Deng, J.,Shen, Y.,Wang, W.,Zhang, Z.,Lu, L. (2020). 'Safety and efficiency analysis of turbo roundabout with simulations based...
- López, F. (2011). 'Wherein are shown some results of autorship attribution to cervantes' work'. Revista Colombiana de Estadística....
- Mauro, R.,Cattani, M.,Guerrieri, M.. (2015). 'Evaluation of the safety performance of turbo roundabouts by means of a potential accident...
- McDowell, M. R. C.,Wennell, J.,Storr, P. A.,Darzentas, J. (1983). Gap acceptance and traffic conflict simulation as a measure of risk. Transport...
- Meister, M.,Koorey, G. (2003). Corridor Safety Performance Measures. 'Bay Roads Exposed Conference , Paper for the Bay Roads Exposed...
- Milligan, G. W.,Cooper, M. C. (1988). 'A study of standardization of variables in cluster analysis'. Journal of Classification. 5....
- (2008). Ministerio de Transporte - INVÍAS Manual de diseño geométrico de carreteras. INVIAS. Bogotá.
- Moore, M. K. (2013). 'Research Methods in Human Skeletal Biology'. Elsevier Inc.
- Pardo, C. E.,del Campo, P. C. (2007). 'Combination of factorial methods and cluster analysis in R: The package factoclass'. Revista...
- Parker, M. R.,Zegeer, C. V. (1989). Traffic conflict techniques for safety and operation. Federal Highway Administration - FHWA. McLean, Virginia....
- Pérez, R. A.,Lera, L.,Boquet, A. (2006). 'Double principal components analysis for categorical data and its application to a migration...
- (2012). PTV AG VISSIM 5.40 User Manual. PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG. Karlsruhe.
- Pu, L.,Joshi, R. (2008). Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM): Software User Manual. Federal Highway Administration. McLean, VA.
- Punj, G.,Stewart, D. W. (1983). 'Cluster Analysis in Marketing Research: Review and Suggestions for Application'. Journal of Marketing...
- (2019). R Core Team and contributors Worldwide. 'The R Stats Package'.
- Revelle, W. (2018). 'Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research'.
- Sánchez, L. G.,Osorio, G. A.,Suárez, J. F. (2008). 'Introduction to kernel PCA and other spectral methods applied to unsupervised learning'....
- Sayed, T.,Zein, S. (1999). 'Traffic conflict standards for intersections'. Transportation Planning and Technology. 22. 309
- Silva, A. B.,Vasconcelos, L.,Santos, S. (2014). 'Moving from Conventional Roundabouts to Turbo-roundabouts'. Procedia - Social and...
- Tarko, A.,Davis, G.,Saunier, N.,Sayed, T.,Washington, S. (2009). Surrogate measures of safety, white paper. ANB20(3) Subcommittee on Surrogate...
- Torres, A.,Torres, F.,Pardillo, J. M. (2010). 'Risk classification model in rural T-form intersections and time to evasion evaluation...
- Vasconcelos, L.,Silva, A. B.,Seco, Á. M.,Fernandes, P.,Coelho, M. C. (2014). 'Turbo roundabouts: Multicriterion assessment on intersection...
- Washington, S.,Karlaftis, M.,Mannering, F. (2011). Statistical and Econometric Methods for Transportation Data Analysis. 2. CRC Press Company....
- Wei, T.,Simko, V.,Levy, M.,Xie, Y.,Jin, Y.,Zemla, J. (2017). 'Visualization of a Correlation Matrix'.
- Zhou, S.,Sun, J.,An, X.,Li, K. (2011). 'The development of a conflict hazardous assessment model for evaluating urban intersection safety'....