Análisis de la legibilidad de la información sanitaria dirigida a la población vulnerable

• Pelicano Piris, Noelia ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Nebrija

     Universidad Nebrija

     Madrid, España

     
• Localización: Revista ProPulsión, ISSN 2452-5758, Vol. 5, Nº. 2, 2022 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Interdiscipline in Social Sciences and Humanities), págs. 140-171
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.53645/revprop.v5i2.95
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    El presente estudio evalúa la calidad de los materiales educativos en salud dirigidos a los usuarios/as migrantes, facilitados por organismos públicos, y disponibles en internet, con el fin de favorecer los autocuidados respecto a su salud, mediante un estudio observacional descriptivo, en el que se identifican páginas web de salud de organismos oficiales para población inmigrante, mediante el uso del motor de búsqueda Google. Tras analizarse las características interactivas de las webs seleccionadas, y del total de documentos disponibles, se evalúa la legibilidad del contenido con el analizador MU y la comprensión y usabilidad con la Herramienta de Evaluación de Materiales de Educación del Paciente (PEMAT), por observadores. Como resultados se obtiene que las páginas webs de organismos oficiales para inmigrantes, son precisas, con credibilidad, avaladas por fuentes y accesibles, pero dichas webs y el material del que disponían no estaban actualizados. La media de legibilidad de los documentos en castellano fue de 49,10 (DT=6,61); para los documentos en francés de 51,87 (DT=8,58) y los documentos en inglés 64,57 (DT=8,73). La puntuación promedio de comprensión PEMAT fue de 68,69 (DT=16,95) y de capacidad de acción 54,41 (DT= 24,26). Se concluye que los materiales educativos en salud no alcanzaron una calidad óptima. El nivel de lectura está por encima del promedio de un adulto, por lo que hay que hacer esfuerzos para mejorar la comprensión y usabilidad de los textos, así como contar con el público diana para la elaboración de materiales de educación sanitaria.

  • English

    The present study evaluates the quality of health educational materials aimed at immigrant users, provided by public organizations, and available on the Internet, in order to promote self-care regarding their health, through a descriptive observational study, in the that health web pages of official organizations for the immigrant population are identified, through the use of the Google search engine. After analyzing the interactive characteristics of the selected websites, and of the total available documents, the readability of the content is evaluated with the MU analyzer and the comprehension and usability with the Patient Education Materials Evaluation Tool (PEMAT), by observers. As a result, it is obtained that the web pages of official organizations for immigrants are precise, credible, endorsed by sources and accessible, but said web pages and the material they had were not updated. The mean readability of the documents in Spanish was 49.10 (SD=6.61); for documents in French 51.87 (SD=8.58) and documents in English 64.57 (SD=8.73). The average PEMAT comprehension score was 68.69 (SD=16.95) and action capacity 54.41 (SD= 24.26). It is concluded that the educational materials in health did not reach an optimal quality. The reading level is above the average for an adult, so efforts must be made to improve the comprehension and usability of the texts, as well as to have the target audience for the development of health education materials.

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