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Effects of numerical surface form in arithmetic word problems

  • Josetxu Orrantia [1] ; David Múñez [1] ; Sara San Romualdo [1] ; Lieven Verschaffel [2]
    1. [1] Universidad de Salamanca

      Universidad de Salamanca

      Salamanca, España

    2. [2] KU Leuven

      KU Leuven

      Arrondissement Leuven, Bélgica

  • Localización: Psicológica: Revista de metodología y psicología experimental, ISSN-e 1576-8597, ISSN 0211-2159, Vol. 36, Nº 2, 2015, págs. 265-281
  • Idioma: inglés
  • Títulos paralelos:
    • Efectos del formato numérico en problemas aritméticos
  • Enlaces
  • Resumen
    • español

      Los adultos calculan más eficazmente cuando los operandos se presentan en formato arábigo (3 + 5) que cuando se presentan en formato palabras numéricas (tres + cinco). Una explicación ofrecida es la mayor familiaridad visual de los dígitos relativo a las palabras numéricas. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios se han limitado a operaciones simples de cálculo con sumas y multiplicaciones. En el presente trabajo analizamos hasta qué punto se produce el efecto del formato en el contexto de un problema aritmético, en el que la familiaridad visual se elimina (Manuel tenía 3 canicas y le dieron 5). Participantes con diferente nivel de competencia en fluidez aritmética resolvieron problemas de suma y resta con los operandos en ambos formatos. Los resultados mostraron un efecto del formato, con mayor rapidez en formato dígitos que en palabras numéricas. Además los efectos fueron más evidentes en la operación de resta y en los participantes menos competentes en fluidez aritmética. Estos resultados fueron interpretados en función de una mayor eficacia del formato dígitos para acceder a la semántica del número.

    • English

      Adults’ simple arithmetic performance is more efficient when operands are presented in Arabic digit (3 + 5) than in number word (three + five) formats.

      An explanation provided is that visual familiarity with digits is higher respect to number words. However, most studies have been limited to single-digit addition and multiplication problems. In this article, we examine to what extent format effects can be found in the context of arithmetic word problems, in which visual familiarity is reduced (Manuel had 3 marbles, and then Pedro gave to him 5). Participants with high and low arithmetic fluency solved addition and subtraction word problems in which operands were presented in both formats. The overall results showed an advantage for digits operands relative to words operands. In addition, the format effects were more evident for subtraction and low-skilled participants. These results were interpreted in terms of more rapid access of digits to numerical magnitude.

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