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Inteligencia artificial en educación: na revisión sistemática

  • Pedro Campillo Herrero [1] Árbol académico ; Rocio Antón Espada [1]
    1. [1] Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche

      Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche

      Elche, España

  • Localización: Miguel Hernández Communication Journal, ISSN-e 1989-8681, Nº. 16, 2025, págs. 443-465
  • Idioma: español
  • Títulos paralelos:
    • Artificial intelligence in education: a systematic review
  • Enlaces
  • Resumen
    • español

      Numerosos autores han escrito sobre el potencial y las amenazas que la IA y herramientas como ChatGPT representan para la educación. Durante esta revisión sistemática se abordará la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Cuáles son los beneficios y desafíos de implementar inteligencia artificial en el aula? El 29/12/2023 se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos SCOPUS y, después de utilizar varios filtros y basándose en criterios de selección, ambos desarrollados en el estudio, se escogieron 15 artículos. Posteriormente se realizó una tabla con la extracción de datos de los artículos en base a la pregunta de investigación. Beneficios: “Personalización del Aprendizaje” (80%); “Retroalimentación Instantánea y Personalizada” (60%); “Eficiencia” (53%); “Mejora del Rendimiento Académico” (47%); “Acceso Equitativo” (40%). Desafíos: “Ética y la Privacidad” (67%); “Capacitación Docente” (60%); “Sesgo y Desinformación” (53%); “Brecha digital” (47%); “Dependencia Excesiva” (40%). Lo que está claro es que, si bien ChatGPT puede contener inexactitudes y sesgos fácticos, puede mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. En consecuencia, los académicos deberían adaptar las prácticas de enseñanza y evaluación para abrazar la nueva realidad de vivir, trabajar y estudiar en un mundo donde la IA está disponible gratuitamente

    • English

      Numerous authors have written about the potential and threats that AI and tools like ChatGPT pose for education. This systematic review will address the following research question: What are the benefits and challenges of implementing artificial intelligence in the classroom? A search was conducted in the SCOPUS database on December 29 of 2023 and, after applying various filters and based on selection criteria, both developed in the study, 15 articles were selected. Subsequently, a table was created with data extracted from the articles based on the research question. Benefits: "Personalized Learning" (80%); "Instant and Personalized Feedback" (60%); "Efficiency" (53%); "Improvement of Academic Performance" (47%); "Equitable Access" (40%). Challenges: "Ethics and Privacy" (67%); "Teacher Training" (60%); "Bias and Disinformation" (53%); "Digital Divide" (47%); "Overdependence" (40%). What is clear is that while ChatGPT may contain factual inaccuracies and biases, it can enhance student learning. Consequently, academics should adapt teaching and assessment practices to embrace the new reality of living, working, and studying in a world where AI is freely available

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