Impact of Fear on a Stage-Structured Lotka–Volterra Competition Model

• Guangwen He ^[1] ; Fengde Chen ^[1] ; Zhong Li ^[1] ; Lijuan Chen ^[1]
  1. [1] Fuzhou University

     Fuzhou University

     China

     
• Localización: Qualitative theory of dynamical systems, ISSN 1575-5460, Vol. 24, Nº 4, 2025
• Idioma: inglés
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • Understanding how the fear affects biological populations will help us develop more effective ecological conservation measures. In this paper, we consider a stagestructured competition model in which one competitor fears the other, leading to an impact on reducing the birth rate of the former. First, we prove the non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions of this system and also analyze the existence and stability of the equilibria of the system. Our study shows that the fear effect greatly enriches the dynamical behavior of the originally stage-structured system. The fear parameter k makes it possible for the system to have two positive equilibria and induces transcritical bifurcation, pitchfork bifurcation, and saddle-node bifurcation. Interestingly, we find that the stage-structured competition system is more sensitive to the fear effect.

    Under the same conditions, a smaller value of k in system with stage structure can lead to alterations in the system’s dynamic behaviors. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to support and illustrate the theoretical results.

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