The first goal of this Thesis is to contribute to the study of principally polarized abelian varieties (ppav), especially to the Schottky and the Torelli problems, Ppav admit a duality theory analogous to that of projective spaces, where the role played by hyperplanes in projective spaces is played by divisors representing the principal polarization. Thus, given a subvariety Y of a ppav, we can define its thetadual T(Y) as the set of divisors representing the principal polarization that contain this subvariety. This set admits a natural schematic structure (as defined by Pareschi and Popa).
Jacobian and Prym varieties are classical examples of ppav constructed from curves. Besides, they are interesting because some properties of the curves involved in their construction are reflected in their geometry or in the geometry of some special subvarieties. For example, in the case of Jacobians we have the BrillNoether loci Wd ( W1 corresponds to the AbelJacobi curve) and in the case of Pryms we have the AbelPrym curve C. In chapter III, we study the schematic structure of the thetadual of the BrillNoether loci Wd and the AbelPrym curve. In the first case, we obtain with different methods, the result of Pareschi and Popa T(Wd)= Wgd1. In the case of the AbelPrym curve C, we get that T(C)=V², where V² is the second PrymBrillNoether locus with the schematic structure defined by Welters.
Pareschi and Popa have proved a result for ppavs analogous to the Castelnuovo Lemma for projective spaces. That is, if (A,¿) is a ppav of dimension g, then g+2 distinct points in general position with respect to ¿, but in special position with respect to 2¿, have to be contained in a curve of minimal degree in A, i.e. an AbelJacobi curve. In particular, they obtain a Schottky result because A has to be a Jacobian variety and a Torelli result, because the curve is the intersection of all the divisors in |2¿| that contain the g+2 points. In chapter IV, as Eisenbud and Harris have done in the projective Castelnuovo Lemma, we extend this result to possibly nonreduced finite schemes. The second goal of this thesis is the study of varieties of general type. Almost by definition, pluricanonical maps are the essential tool to study them. One of the main problems in this area is to find geometric or numerical conditions to guarantee that the mth pluricanonical map (for low m) induces a birational equivalence with its image. The classification of surfaces whose bicanonical map is nonbirational has attracted considerable interest among algebraic geometers. In chapter V, we give a sufficient numerical condition for the birationality of the bicanonical map of irregular varieties of arbitrary dimension. We also prove that, if X is a primitive variety, then it only admits very special fibrations to other irregular varieties. For primitive varieties we get that the following are equivalent: X is birational to a divisor ¿ in an indecomposable ppav, the irregularity q(X) > dim X and the bicanonical map is nonbirational.
When X is a primitive variety of general type and q(X) = dim X we prove, under certain conditions over the Stein factorization of the Albanese map, that the only possibility for the bicanonical map being nonbirational is that X is a double cover branched along a divisor in |2¿|. These results extend to arbitrary dimension, wellknown theorems in the case of surfaces and curves.
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