Impactos del Cambio Climático en la Salud Humana: Un Análisis Global de Riesgos y Adaptaciones

• Gutierrez Rodriguez , Wilson Angel ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Técnica de Oruro

     Universidad Técnica de Oruro

     Bolivia

     
• Localización: Ciencia Latina: Revista Multidisciplinar, ISSN-e 2707-2215, ISSN 2707-2207, Vol. 8, Nº. 4, 2024, págs. 6065-6082
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.37811/cl_rcm.v8i4.12815
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health: A Global Analysis of Risks and Adaptations
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Este artículo de revisión examina sistemáticamente los impactos multifacéticos del cambio climático en la salud humana, utilizando la metodología PRISMA para garantizar una revisión estructurada y reproducible. El objetivo principal es identificar y sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre los efectos directos e indirectos del cambio climático en la salud, así como evaluar las estrategias de adaptación y mitigación implementadas en el sector salud. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos académicas clave, seleccionando estudios publicados entre 2000 y 2023 que abordan los impactos del cambio climático en la salud desde diversas perspectivas geográficas y demográficas. Se incluyeron estudios que proporcionaron datos empíricos sobre la incidencia de enfermedades, impactos de eventos climáticos extremos, y efectividad de intervenciones de salud pública. Los hallazgos revelan que el cambio climático está exacerbando riesgos de salud preexistentes y creando nuevos desafíos sanitarios, incluyendo un aumento en la prevalencia de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores y condiciones exacerbadas por la contaminación y el calor extremo. Además, se destacó la importancia de fortalecer los sistemas de salud y desarrollar políticas adaptativas para mitigar estos impactos, resaltando la necesidad de enfoques integrados y respuestas locales adaptadas a las condiciones específicas de vulnerabilidad de cada región.

  • English

    This review article systematically examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change on human health, utilizing the PRISMA methodology to ensure a structured and reproducible review. The primary objective is to identify and synthesize available evidence on the direct and indirect effects of climate change on health, as well as to assess the adaptation and mitigation strategies implemented in the health sector. An exhaustive search was conducted in key academic databases, selecting studies published between 2000 and 2023 that address the impacts of climate change on health from various geographical and demographic perspectives. Included studies provided empirical data on the incidence of diseases, impacts of extreme climatic events, and the effectiveness of public health interventions. Findings reveal that climate change is exacerbating pre-existing health risks and creating new health challenges, including an increase in the prevalence of vector-borne diseases and conditions worsened by pollution and extreme heat. Moreover, the importance of strengthening health systems and developing adaptive policies to mitigate these impacts was highlighted, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches and local responses tailored to the specific vulnerability conditions of each region.

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