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Estimación, Manejo y Control de la Contaminación No Puntual por Escorrentía Superficial Ganadera: Una Revisión de literatura

  • Pérez Sane, Monica [1] ; Torres Pardo, Camilo [1] ; Lara Borrero, Jaime [1]
    1. [1] Pontífica Universidad Javeriana

      Pontífica Universidad Javeriana

      Colombia

  • Localización: Revista Politécnica, ISSN-e 2477-8990, Vol. 53, Nº. 1, 2024 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Revista Politécnica), págs. 111-123
  • Idioma: español
  • DOI: 10.33333/rp.vol53n1.10
  • Títulos paralelos:
    • Estimation, Management, and Control of Non-Point Source Pollution from Livestock Runoff: A Literature Review
  • Enlaces
  • Resumen
    • español

      Los nutrientes, como el nitrógeno y el fósforo generan, entre otros impactos, la eutrofización en los cuerpos de agua. Estos impactos son principalmente causados por actividades agrícolas como la ganadería, debido a la aplicación de fertilizantes y/o al estiércol de las vacas. Los nutrientes transportados por la escorrentía llegan a los cuerpos de agua y generan contaminación. Esta problemática ha sido abordada desde la década de los 60, no obstante, se ha logrado poco avance en este tema. Los avances están relacionados con la estimación del aporte de nutrientes de forma teórica y a través de simulaciones, debido a los altos costos que implica tomar datos en el campo. También se han realizado esfuerzos en la implementación de Buenas Prácticas de Gestión para el manejo de las fuentes no puntuales, pero existe poca evidencia de la eficiencia de cada una de estas prácticas. Por otro lado, pese a la falta de información científica necesaria para formular políticas, se ha demostrado que la vía normativa puede ser el mejor mecanismo para controlar la contaminación por fuentes no puntuales. En este artículo, se presenta una revisión de estos tres componentes luego del análisis bibliométrico, estableciendo lo que se conoce actualmente y las brechas de información. Primero, se abordan los avances en la estimación del aporte de las fuentes no puntuales, segundo se presentan las Buenas Prácticas de Gestión, y tercero, se exponen los avances en materia de políticas para el control de la contaminación no puntual.

    • English

      Nutrients, like nitrogen and phosphorus generate, among other impacts, eutrophication in water bodies. These impacts are mainly caused by agricultural activities such as livestock farming, due to the application of fertilizers and/or cow manure. The nutrients transported by runoff reach water bodies and generate pollution. This issue has been addressed since the 1960s; however, little progress has been made in this area. The progress is related to estimating nutrient contributions theoretically and through simulations, due to the high costs of collecting field data. Efforts have also been made to implement Good Management Practices for the management of non-point sources, but significant efficiency for each of these practices has not been demonstrated. On the other hand, despite the lack of necessary scientific information to formulate policies, it has been shown that the regulatory route can be the best mechanism for controlling non-point source pollution. This article presents a review of these three components after a bibliometric analysis, establishing what is currently known and the information gaps. First, advances in estimating the contributions of non-point sources are addressed, second Good Management Practices are presented, and third advances in policies for controlling non-point source pollution are discussed.

       

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