Nonlocal differential equations have many applications in the physical sciences and engineering. One typical example of nonlocal dynamics is pantograph modeling, which has a long history in pantograph mechanics and pantograph transport. In 1821, Professor William Wallace invented the eidograph to improve upon the practical utility of the pantograph. Unsupervised machine learning in artificial intelligence deals with a nonlocal superposition. As a property of the universe that is independent of our description of nature, the notion of non-locality in quantum mechanics was introduced in the context of the EPR controversy on the phenomenon of entanglement between quantum systems.
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