Crímenes contra las mujeres en India: evolución temporal de los patrones geográficos de la muerte por dote en Uttar Pradesh

• Gonzalo Vicente ^[2] ; Tomás Goicoa ^[1] ; Paloma Fernández-Rasines ^[1] ; María Dolores Ugarte ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Pública de Navarra

     Universidad Pública de Navarra

     Pamplona, España

     
  2. [2] Universidad Nacional
• Localización: BEIO, Boletín de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, ISSN 1889-3805, Vol. 39, Nº. 3, 2023, págs. 5-24
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • In recent years, there has been a steady escalation in the incidence of crimes against women in India, as documented by the National Crime Records Bureau. The issue of gender-based violence has reached a critical dimension to the extent that the World Health Organization has declared it as a high-impact health concern. Despite the general aware about this matter, there exists a notable dearth of spatiotemporal studies that afford a comprehensive elucidation of the geographical and temporal dynamics underpinning crimes against women. This article endeavors to fill this gap by focusing on an in-depth examination of the evolving geographic distribution of dowry deaths in the districts of Uttar Pradesh spanning the timeframe of 2001 to 2014. The core objective of this research lies in the identification of specific regions characterized by elevated risks and the formulation of hypotheses regarding potential risk factors. Our findings underscore the presence of several districts marked by exceptionally high risks of dowry death incidence. Notably, statistically significant associations are found between dowry deaths, female-to-male ratio, and certain manifestations of general criminality.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Aragonés, N., T. Goicoa, M. Pollán, A. F. Militino, B. Pérez-Gómez, G. López-Abente, and M. D. Ugarte. 2013. “Spatio-Temporal Trends in Gastric...
  • Banerjee, K. 1999. “Gender Stratification and the Contemporary Marriage Market in India.” Journal of Family Issues 20 (5): 648–76.
  • Banerjee, P. R. 2014. “Dowry in 21st-Century India: The Sociocultural Face of Exploitation.” Trauma, Violence, and Abuse 15 (1): 34–40.
  • Barakade, A. J. 2012. “Declining Sex Ratio: An Analysis with Special Reference to Maharashtra State.” Geoscience Research 3 (1): 92–95.
  • Belur, J., N. Tilley, N. Daruwalla, M. Kumar, V. Tiwari, and D. Osrin. 2014. “The Social Construction of ‘Dowry Deaths’.” Social Science and...
  • Besag, J. 1974. “Spatial Interaction and the Statistical Analysis of Lattice Systems (with Discussion).” Journal of the Royal Statistical...
  • Bloch, F., and V. Rao. 2002. “Terror as a Bargaining Instrument: A Case Study of Dowry Violence in Rural India.” American Economic Review...
  • Dang, G., V. S. Kulkarni, and R. Gaiha. 2018. Why Have Dowry Deaths Risen in India? Working Paper 2018/03. Australia South Asia Research Centre,...
  • Ellsberg, M. C., L. Heise, and World Health Organization and others. 2005. Researching Violence Against Women: Practical Guidelines for Researchers...
  • Garcia-Moreno, C., and C. Watts. 2011. “Violence Against Women: An Urgent Public Health Priority.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization...
  • Gneiting, T., and A. E. Raftery. 2007. “Strictly Proper Scoring Rules, Prediction, and Estimation.” Journal of the American Statistical Association...
  • Goicoa, T., A. Adin, J. Etxeberria, A. F. Militino, and M. D. Ugarte. 2019. “Flexible Bayesian p-Splines for Smoothing Age-Specific Spatio-Temporal...
  • Goicoa, T., A. Adin, M. D. Ugarte, and J. S. Hodges. 2018. “In Spatio-Temporal Disease Mapping Models, Identifiability Constraints Affect...
  • Goicoa, T., M. D. Ugarte, J. Etxeberria, and A. F. Militino. 2016. “Age-Space-Time CAR Models in Bayesian Disease Mapping.” Statistics in...
  • Goicoa, T., M. D. Ugarte, and G. Vicente. 2019. “On Using Disease Mapping Models to Analyze Crimes Against Women: The Paradigmatic Case of...
  • Hodges, J. S., and B. J. Reich. 2010. “Adding Spatially-Correlated Errors Can Mess up the Fixed Effect You Love.” The American Statistician...
  • Jeyaseelan, V., S. Kumar, L. Jeyaseelan, V. Shankar, and S. I. Yadav B. K .and Bangdiwala. 2015. “Dowry Demand and Harassment: Prevalence...
  • Johnson, H., N. Ollus, and S. Nevala. 2007. Violence Against Women: An International Perspective. Springer Science; Business Media, (ISBN:...
  • Knorr-Held, L. 2000. “Bayesian Modelling of Inseparable Space-Time Variation in Disease Risk.” Statistics in Medicine 19 (17-18): 2555–67.
  • Kumar, S, KK Mourya, RP Gupta, and SN Singh. 2018. “Dynamics of Socio-Economic Development of Districts of Western Uttar Pradesh, India.”...
  • Marí-Dell’Olmo, M., M. A. Martínez-Beneito, M. Gotsens, and L. Palència. 2014. “A Smoothed ANOVA Model for Multivariate Ecological Regression.”...
  • Mohanty, S., M. Sen, and G. Sahu. 2013. “Analysis of Risk Factors of Dowry Death–a South Indian Study.” Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine...
  • More, V. P., A. R. Ingale, and V. S. Shinde. 2012. “Generation and District Wise Study of Sex Ratio.” International Journal of Health Sciences...
  • Mukherjee, C., P. Rustagi, and N. Krishnaji. 2001. “Crimes Against Women in India: Analysis of Official Statistics.” Economic and Political...
  • National Crime Records Bureau. 2015. “Crime in India 2014. Compendium.” NCRB, New Delhi.
  • National Crime Records Bureau. 2021. “Crime in India 2020. Statistics, Volume I.” NCRB, New Delhi.
  • Patel, A. V. 2015. “Crime Against the Women in India.” Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal 1: 1–5.
  • Richardson, S., A. Thomson, N. Best, and P. Elliott. 2004. “Interpreting Posterior Relative Risk Estimates in Disease-Mapping Studies.” Environmental...
  • Rue, H., and L. Held. 2005. Gaussian Markov Random Fields: Theory and Applications. Chapman & Hall-CRC.
  • Rue, H., S. Martino, and N. Chopin. 2009. “Approximate Bayesian Inference for Latent Gaussian Models by Using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations...
  • Russo, N. F., and A. Pirlott. 2006. “Gender-Based Violence.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1087 (1): 178–205.
  • Sharma, B. R., D. Harish, V. Sharma, and K. Vij. 2002. “Kitchen Accidents Vis-a-Vis Dowry Deaths.” Burns 28 (3): 250–53.
  • Shenk, M. K. 2007. “Dowry and Public Policy in Contemporary India. The Behavioral Ecology of a ‘Social Evil’.” Human Nature 18 (3): 242–63.
  • South, S. J., K. Trent, and S. Bose. 2014. “Skewed Sex Ratios and Criminal Victimization in India.” Demography 51 (3): 1019–40.
  • Spiegelhalter, D. J., N. G. Best, B. P. Carlin, and A. Van Der Linde. 2002. “Bayesian Measures of Model Complexity and Fit (with Discussion).”...
  • Tanwar, N., S. Kumar, B. V. S. Sisodia, and B. K. Hooda. 2016. “Dynamics of Socio-Economic Development of Districts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh.”...
  • Ugarte, M. D., A. Adin, and T. Goicoa. 2017. “One-Dimensional, Two-Dimensional, and Three Dimensional B-Splines to Specify Space–Time Interactions...
  • Ugarte, M. D., T. Goicoa, J. Etxeberria, and A. F. Militino. 2012. “A P-Spline ANOVA Type Model in Space-Time Disease Mapping.” Stochastic...
  • Ugarte, M. D., T. Goicoa, B. Ibanez, and A. F. Militino. 2009. “Evaluating the Performance of Spatio-Temporal Bayesian Models in Disease Mapping.”...
  • Ugarte, M. D., T. Goicoa, and A. F. Militino. 2009. “Empirical Bayes and Fully Bayes Procedures to Detect High-Risk Areas in Disease Mapping.”...
  • United Nations General Assembly. 1993. “Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women.” In: 85th Plenary Meeting. December 20,...
  • Verma, R. K., P. C. Srivastava, U. S. Sinha, and A. Kaul. 2015. “Study of Unnatural Deaths in Married Females Within Seven Years of Marriage...
  • Vicente, G., T. Goicoa, P. Fernandez-Rasines, and M. D. Ugarte. 2020. “Crime Against Women in India: Unveiling Spatial Patterns and Temporal...
  • Vicente, G., T. Goicoa, A. Puranik, and M. D. Ugarte. 2018. “Small Area Estimation of Gender-Based Violence: Rape Incidence Risks in Uttar...
  • Vicente, G., T. Goicoa, and M. D. Ugarte. 2020. “Bayesian inference in multivariate spatio-temporal areal models using INLA: analysis of gender-based...
  • Vicente, G., T. Goicoa, and M. D. Ugarte. 2023. “Multivariate Bayesian spatio-temporal P-spline models to analyze crimes against women.” Biostatistics...
  • Watanabe, S. 2010. “Asymptotic Equivalence of Bayes Cross Validation and Widely Applicable Information Criterion in Singular Learning Theory.”...
  • World Health Organization. 2013. Global and Regional Estimates of Violence Against Women: Prevalence and Health Effects of Intimate Partner...
  • World Health Organization. 2021. Violence Against Women Prevalence Estimates, 2018: Global, Regional and National Prevalence Estimates for...