Sobrecarga emocional del personal sanitario del Servicio Navarro de Salud durante la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2

• Serrano-Domínguez, Silvia ^[2] ; Lahera-Martín, Matilde ^[2] ; Ibáñez-Beroiz, Berta ^[1] ; Alsúa-Fernández, Concepción ^[2] ; Ordoqui-García, Elena ^[2] ; Furtado-Eraso, Beatriz ^[2] ; Mollov, Asan ^[2] ; Asenjo-Redín, Belén ^[2]
  1. [1] Hospital Universitario de Navarra

     Hospital Universitario de Navarra

     Pamplona, España

     
  2. [2] Servicio Navarro de Salud - Osasunbidea, España
• Localización: Archivos de prevención de riesgos laborales, ISSN-e 1578-2549, ISSN 1138-9672, Vol. 26, Nº. 4 (Octubre-Diciembre), 2023, págs. 275-290
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.12961/aprl.2023.26.04.03
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Emotional overload of health personnel of the Navarra Health Service during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo: Los trabajadores de la salud se enfrentaron a niveles sin precedentes de carga emocional relacionada con la pandemia de la COVID-19. Este estudio pretende conocer la autopercepción del estado de sobrecarga emocional de los profesionales del Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea (SNS-O) en dos momentos durante la pandemia y sus factores asociados.

    Método: Estudio transversal mediante el uso de un cuestionario que incluye la Escala de Autoevaluación de Sobrecarga Emocional, enviado por correo electrónico a todos los profesionales sanitarios del SNS-O en dos momentos de la pandemia, en octubre de 2020 y octubre de 2021. Los resultados de la escala global y de las subescalas ‘“miedos-ansiedad”’ y ‘“respuesta afectiva”’ se compararon entre los dos momentos de medición según puesto de trabajo, ámbito, área y servicio, mediante modelos ANCOVA?.  Resultados: Participaron en la encuesta de 2020 1.485 (11,3%) sanitarios y 950 (7,3%) en la encuesta de 2021 de. La diferencia media para el score global entre 2020 y 2021 fue -1.87 (95% IC: -2.38, -1.35), indicando una reducción de la sobrecarga emocional con la evolución de la pandemia, con algunas diferencias entre categorías profesionales.

    Conclusiones: El año 2020 tuvo gran impacto en la sobrecarga emocional que disminuyó al año siguiente. Uno de los mayores temores del personal sanitario durante su exposición laboral a enfermedades infecciosas epidémicas sigue siendo el miedo a contraer la enfermedad y transmitirla a sus familiares y entorno social. Conforme aumenta la proximidad con el paciente y su entorno, incrementa la probabilidad de afectación psicoemocional.

  • English

    Introduction: Health care workers faced unprecedented levels of emotional burden related to the COVID-19 pandemic.. This study aims to find out the self-perception of the state of emotional overload of the professionals of the Navarre Osasunbidea Health Service (SNS-O) at two moments during the pandemic and its associated factors.

    Method: Cross-sectional study using a questionnaire that includes the Emotional Overload Self-Assessment Scale sent by email to all SNS-O health professionals at two moments of the pandemic, in October 2020 and October 2021. Results of the global scale and of the subscales '“fear-anxiety”' and ““affective response”' were compared between the two moments of measurement according to position, field, area and service using ANCOVA models.

    Results: The number of responding participants in the 2020 survey was 1 485 (11,3%) and 950 in the 2021 survey (7,3%). The mean difference for overall score between 2020 and 2021 was -1.87 (95% CI: -2.38, -1.35), indicating less worrying results with the passage of time since the start of the pandemic, with some differences accross occupational categories.

    Conclusions: The year 2020 had a great impact on the emotional overload that decreased the following year. One of the greatest fears of health personnel during their occupational exposure to epidemic infectious diseases continues to be the fear of contracting the disease and transmitting it to their family members and social environment. As the proximity to the patient and their environment increases, the probability of psycho-emotional affectation increases.

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