Curvas percentiles de errores refractivos en una población pediátrica española

• C. Martínez Pérez ^[3] ; Belén Pérez Sanchez ^[1] ; César Villa Collar ^[2]
  1. [1] Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche

     Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche

     Elche, España

     
  2. [2] Universidad Europea de Madrid

     Universidad Europea de Madrid

     Madrid, España

     
  3. [3] Instituto Superior de Educación y Ciencias de Lisboa

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• Localización: Gaceta de optometría y óptica oftálmica, ISSN 2173-9366, Nº. 585, 2022, págs. 48-54
• Idioma: español
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• Resumen

  • Objetivo. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue obtener curvas de percentiles de errores refractivos en una población pediátrica española entre 3 y 12 años. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal, en el que se incluyeron niños con edades comprendidas entre los 3 y los 12 años que no presentaban enfermedades oculares y/o sistémicas conocidas. Se utilizó el método de muestreo por conveniencia para seleccionar la muestra de tres colegios y un hospital de la Comunidad de Madrid. El error refractivo se obtuvo utilizando un autorrefractómetro Retinomax K-plus 3 (RTX; Right Mfg. Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japón). Los percentiles 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 y 95 se calcularon utilizando el software estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics v. 24 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, Estados Unidos).

    Resultados. Se examinaron un total de 688 niños con una edad media de 7,68 ±2,17 años. En la curva del percentil 50, los valores del equivalente esférico co- menzaron a volverse miopes a los tres años (SE < -0,50 D) y los de la curva del percentil 75 también se tornaron miopes a los 4 años. Como resultado, se observó que el valor del equivalente esférico se hizo más negativo con el tiempo, a partir de las edades indicadas anteriormente. Por lo tanto, la curva del percentil 90 fue negativa a los 11 años.

    Conclusión. Se presentan por primera vez las curvas de percentiles de defectos refractivos en población pediátrica española con el fin de ayudar a los profe- sionales de la visión a detectar a niños con defecto refractivos a una edad temprana.

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