Suitability assessment for electricity generation through renewable sources: towards sustainable energy production
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[1] Research Center for Advanced Studies (Cinvestav)
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- Localización: CT&F - Ciencia, tecnología y futuro, ISSN-e 0122-5383, Vol. 11, Nº. 1, 2021, págs. 109-122
- Idioma: inglés
- DOI: 10.29047/01225383.260
- Títulos paralelos:
- Análisis de viabilidad para la generación eléctrica a través de fuentes renovables: hacia la producción de energía sustentable
- Enlaces
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Resumen
- español
La generación eléctrica mediante fuentes renovables es una alternativa eficaz para mitigar el cambio climático, pues su impacto ambiental es menor en comparación al de los combustibles fósiles. Sin embargo, hay problemas socioeconómicos constantes en los lugares donde se instalan las centrales eléctricas, especialmente en los países en desarrollo. En este trabajo, se desarrolló una metodología innovadora para evaluar la idoneidad de la generación de electricidad a través de energía solar, eólica y biomasa. A diferencia de la mayoría de los estudios encontrados en la literatura científica, este trabajo considera los aspectos sociales, ambientales y económicos como claves para determinar la idoneidad de los proyectos energéticos. Primero, se llevó a cabo un análisis sobre la aceptación social y la resiliencia hacia las energías renovables y las condiciones para que las comunidades se beneficien de estos proyectos, después, analizamos la disponibilidad y capacidad de las fuentes de energía renovable en México, como caso de estudio. A continuación, se desarrolló un conjunto de indicadores relacionados con los tres pilares de la sustentabilidad, para evaluar las condiciones de cada lugar con los mejores recursos renovables del país. También se consideró el ciclo de vida y el factor de capacidad de cada tecnología. Por último, se desarrolló un modelo matemático para conocer los lugares y tecnologías más adecuados para la generación eléctrica. Los resultados muestran una tendencia hacia los estados del norte de México, especialmente los limítrofes con Estados Unidos, a ser los más viables para la generación eléctrica. La tecnología más adecuada es la energía eólica. Finalmente, los hallazgos también indican que Oaxaca, el estado con los mejores recursos eólicos y líder en generación mediante esta tecnología en México, es el estado menos viable para la generación eólica, como fue confirmado con evidencia científica, ya que las instalaciones eólicas están asociadas con daños culturales y económicos en las comunidades receptoras en este estado.
- English
Power generation through renewable sources is an effective alternative to mitigate climate change as its environmental impact is lower compared to fossil fuels. However, socio-economic problems are constant in sites where power plants are installed, especially in developing countries. In this paper, an innovative methodology was developed to assess the suitability of electricity generation through solar, wind, and biomass energy. Unlike most studies found in scientific literature, this work considers social, environmental, and economic aspects as key to determine the suitability of energy projects. First, we carried out a comprehensive analysis on social acceptance and resilience towards renewable energy and the conditions for communities to benefit from these projects; then, we analyzed the availability and capacity of renewable energy sources in Mexico, as a case study. Next, a set of indicators related to the three pillars of sustainability was developed to assess the conditions of each place with the best renewable resources in the country. The life cycle and capacity factor of each technology were also considered. Lastly, a mathematical model was developed to determine the most suitable locations and technologies for power generation. The results show a trend towards the states of northern Mexico, especially those bordering the United States, as the most viable for electricity generation. The most appropriate technology is wind energy. Finally, Oaxaca, the state with the best wind resources and current leader in wind power generation in Mexico is, by contrast, the least viable state for wind generation, as has been later confirmed by scientific evidence, as wind facilities are associated with severe socio-cultural and economic damage in host communities in this state.
- español
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