Concentración bancaria y racionalización de la red de sucursales físicas.: Un análisis para Estados Unidos

• Autores: Fernando Martínez Santos
• Localización: Anales de ASEPUMA, ISSN-e 2171-892X, Nº. 28, 2020
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto Completo Ejemplar
• Resumen
  • español

    Las políticas liberales implementadas en los años 90 en el sector bancario de EE.UU. incentivaron las fusiones y la creación de un grupo reducido de grandes bancos que han pasado a aglutinar la mayor parte de los depósitos y activos financieros. Hasta 2008, las fusiones tuvieron un efecto expansivo en el despliegue de nuevas sucursales de los bancos. Sin embargo, a partir de la crisis financiera se han cerrado muchas sucursales físicas en un contexto de más fusiones, quiebras y falta de entrada. Al mismo tiempo, el impacto de las nuevas tecnologías se ha reflejado en la aparición de bancos puramente online que no despliegan sucursales físicas. Este trabajo muestra estos cambios en la estructura bancaria a partir de una base de datos de las entidades bancarias de EE.UU. en el periodo 2000-2014. El análisis de los datos apunta hacia una mayor concentración bancaria y desaparición de las sucursales físicas en favor de la banca online.

  • English

    Liberal policies implemented in the 90s in the U.S. banking sector incentivized mergers and the creation of very large banks that have come to pool much of deposits and financial assets. Until 2008, mergers had an expansive effect in the deployment of new bank branches. However, since the financial crisis, many brick-and-mortar branches have been closed in a context of more mergers, bankruptcies and lack of entry. At the same time, the impact of new technologies has been reflected in the emergence of purely online banks that do not deploy physical branches. This paper shows these changes in banking structure using a database of U.S. banks in the period 2000-2014. The results point to bank consolidation and destruction of brick-and-mortar branches while online banking is growing.

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