Persistencia a largo plazo de los efectos de un programa de mindfulness y autocompasión en profesionales sanitarios de Atención Primaria

• Fuertes, M.C. ^[1] ; Aranda, G. ^[2] ; Rezola, N. ^[1] ; Erramuzpe, A. ^[1] ; Palacios, C. ^[1] ; Ibañez, B. ^[3]
  1. [1] Gobierno de Navarra

     Gobierno de Navarra

     Pamplona, España

     
  2. [2] Subdirección de Farmacia. Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea (SNS-O).
  3. [3] IdiSNA. Navarrabiomed – CHN – UPNA.

  Mostrar afiliaciones +
• Localización: Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra, ISSN 1137-6627, Vol. 42, Nº. 3, 2019, págs. 269-280
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.23938/ASSN.0718
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Long-term effects of a mindfulness and self-compassion program with Primary Healthcare professionals
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    Introducción. La efectividad de las intervenciones basadas en mindfulness (IBM) y autocompasión sobre el cansancio emocional y el estrés en profesionales sanitarios de Atención Primaria (AP) ha sido demostrada a corto plazo. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron valorar si esos efectos persisten a los dos años, y si los resultados encontrados difieren entre quienes practicaron mindfulness habitualmente durante ese tiempo (meditadores) y los que no. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo antes-después y a los dos años de realizar una IBM ofertado a todos los profesionales sanitarios de AP de Navarra, con sesiones grupales de 2,5 horas/semana durante 8 semanas. Se requería asistir al menos al 75% de las sesiones y practicar en casa 45 minutos diarios. En los tres momentos se pasaron cuestionarios para medir los niveles de mind-fulness (FFMQ), autocompasión (SCS), estrés percibido (PSQ) y burnout (MBI). A los dos años tras la intervención se les preguntó si practicaban habitualmente mind-fulness y el tiempo semanal dedicado a ello.Resultados. Aceptaron 48 profesionales y 41 (83% mujeres) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, sin pérdidas en el seguimiento. Las puntuaciones medias en mind-fulness, autocompasión y estrés percibido mejoraron significativamente tras la intervención y a largo plazo (p<0,001), sin obtenerse diferencias en el nivel de burnout. La mejoría a largo plazo en autocompasión fue mayor en el grupo que meditó regularmente (3,6 puntos vs 1,6). Conclusiones. La efectividad de una IBM persiste a los dos años de la intervención independientemente de si se practicó meditación o no, aunque la autocompasión mejoró significativamente más en los meditadores. 

  • English

    Background. The effectiveness of mindfulness and self-compassion-based interventions (MSCI) on emotional fatigue and stress in Primary Healthcare (PHC) professionals has been demonstrated in the short term. The aims of this work were to assess whether these effects persist after two years, and if the observed results differ between those who practiced mindfulness regularly during the follow-up (meditators) and those who did not.Methods. Prospective study – pre-post and two years after performing an MSCI that was offered to all PHC professionals in Navarra, with group sessions of 2.5 hours / week for 8 weeks. Attending at least 75% of the sessions and practicing at home for 45 minutes a day were mandatory. At the three moments of the study, questionnaires were distributed to measure levels of mindfulness (FFMQ), self-compassion (SCS), perceived stress (PSQ) and burnout (MBI). At the end of the follow-up period, participants were asked if they were meditators and the time they dedicated to this weekly.Results. Forty-eight professionals were enrolled and 41 (83% women) met the inclusion criteria, without loss to follow-up. Mean scores in mindfulness, self-compassion and perceived stress significantly improved after the intervention and in the long term (p <0.001), without observing differences in the level of burnout. The group of meditators achieved a greater long-term improvement in self-compassion (3.6 points vs. 1.6).Conclusions. The effectiveness of an MSCI persists two years later regardless of meditator status, although there is a significant improvement in self-compassion in the meditators.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • CEBOLLA A, DEMARZO M. ¿Qué es Mindfulness? En: Cebolla A, García-Campayo J, Demarzo M, editores. Mindfulness y Ciencia: De la tradición a...
  • KABAT-ZINN J. Vivir con plenitud las crisis. Cómo utilizar la sabiduría del cuerpo para enfrentarnos al estrés, el dolor y la enfermedad....
  • HOFMANN SG, SAWYER AT, WITT AA, Oh D. The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression. J Consult Clin Psychol 2010; 78:...
  • KUYKEN W, WARREN FC, TAYLOR RS, WHALLEY B, CRANE C, BONDOLFI G et al. Efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in prevention of depressive...
  • LA COUR P, PETERSEN M. Effects of mindfulness meditation on chronic pain: a randomized controlled trial. PainMed 2015; 16: 641-652. https://doi.org/10.1111/pme.12605
  • GOTINK RA, CHU P, BUSSCHBACH J, BENSON H, FRICCHIONE GL, HUNINK M. Standardised mindfulness-based interventions in healthcare: an overview...
  • BLACK DS, SLAVICH GM. Mindfulness meditation and the inmune system: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Ann New York Acad...
  • HÖLZEL BK, LAZAR SW, GARD T, SCHUMAN-OLIVIER Z, VAGO DR, OTT U. How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from...
  • TANG YY, HÖLZEL BK, POSNERMI. The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16: 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3916
  • KRASNER MS, EPSTEIN RM, BECKMAN H, SCHUMAN AL, CHAPMAN B, MOONEY CJ et al. Association of an educational program in mindful communication...
  • BOELLINGHAUS I, JONES FW, HUTTON J. The role of mindfulness and loving-kindness meditation in cultivating self-compassion and other focused...
  • ATANES A, ANDREONI S, HIRAYAMA M, MONTERO-MARÍN J, BARROS V, RONZANI T et al. Mindfulness, perceived stress, and subjective well-being: a...
  • ARANDA G, ELCUAZ MR, FUERTES C, GÜETO V, PASCUAL P, SAINZ DE MURIETA E. Evaluación de la efectividad de un programa de mindfulness y autocompasión...
  • DAVIDSON RJ, KABAT-ZINN J, SCHUMACHER J, ROSENKRANZ MA, MULLER D, SANTORELLI SF et al. Alterations in brain and inmune function produced by...
  • BAER R, HOPKINS J, KRIETEMEYER J, SMITH GT, TONEY L. Using self-report assessments methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment 2006;...
  • CEBOLLA A, GARCÍA- PALACIOS A, SOLER J, GUILLÉN V, BAÑOS R, BOTELLA C. Psychometric properties of the Spanish validation of the Five Facets...
  • SANZ-CARRILLO C, GARCÍA CAMPAYO J, RUBIO A, SANTED M, MONTORO M (2002). Validation of the spanish version of the perceived stress questionnaire....
  • NEFF KD. The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity 2003; 2: 223-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
  • GARCÍA-CAMPAYO J, NAVARRO-GIL M, ANDRÉS E, MONTERO-MARÍN J, LÓPEZ-ARTAL L, DEMARZO M. Validation of the spanish versions of the long (26 items)...
  • SEISDEDOS N. MBI Inventario Burnout de Maslach. Madrid: TEA Ediciones; 1997.
  • TIRCH DD. Mindfulness as a context for the cultivation of compassion. Int J CognTHer 2010; 3: 113-123.
  • BIRNIE K, SPECA M, CARLSON LE. Exploring self-compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Stress Health...
  • KUYKEN W, WATKINS E, HOLDEN E, WHITE K, TAYLOR RS, BYFORD S et al. How does mindfulness-based cognitive therapy work? Beha Res Ther 2010;...
  • HÖLZEL BK, CARMODY J, VANGEL M, CONGLETON C, YERRAMSETTI SM, GARD T Y LAZAR SW. Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain...
  • HÖLZEL BK, CARMODY J, EVANS KC, DUSEK JA, MORGAN L, PITYMAN R Y LAZAR SW. Attending to the Present: Mindfulness meditation reveals distinct...
  • ARKOWITZ H, LILIENFELD SO. Is Mindfulness Good Medicine? SA Mind 2014; 25: 74-75 (September 2014) https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamericanmind0914-74
  • GILMARTIN H, GOYAL A, HAMATI MC, MANN J, SAINT S, CHOPRA V. Brief mindfulness practices for healthcare providers - A systematic literature...
  • FERNÁNDEZ-SANCHEZ JC, PÉREZ-MÁRMOL J. M., PERALTA M. I.. Influencia de factores sociodemográficos, laborales y de estilo de vida sobre los...
  • FERNÁNDEZ-SANCHEZ J.C, PÉREZ-MÁRMOL J.M., SANTOS-RUIZ A.M., PÉREZ-GARCÍA M, PERALTA M.I. Burnout y funciones ejecutivas en personal sanitario...
  • GOYAL M, SINGH S, SIBINGA EM, GOULD NF, ROWLAND-SEYMOUR A, SHARMA R et al. Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-being: A...
  • DAVIDSON RJ, DAHL CJ. Outstanding Challenges in Scientific Research on Mindfulness Meditation. (2017) Perspect Psychol Sci 2018; 13:62-65....
  • VAN DAM NT, VAN VUGT MK, VAGO DR, SCHMALZL L, SARON CD, OLENDZKI A et al. Reiterated concerns and further challenges for mindfulness and meditation...