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On normal numbers

  • Pellegrino, Daniel M. [1]
    1. [1] Universidade Federal de Campina Grande

      Universidade Federal de Campina Grande

      Brasil

  • Localización: Proyecciones: Journal of Mathematics, ISSN 0716-0917, ISSN-e 0717-6279, Vol. 25, Nº. 1, 2006, págs. 19-30
  • Idioma: inglés
  • DOI: 10.4067/S0716-09172006000100002
  • Enlaces
  • Resumen
    • A real number α is said to be normal to base 10 if, for every natural number L, each finite sequence of L digits appears in the decimals of α with frequency 1/10L. Even intuitive results concerning normal numbers presents complicated formalizations and to decide whether a given number is normal or not is sometimes almost impossible. In this paper we prove that if η = 0,a1a2a3a4... is a normal number, then η̅ = 0, a1a1a2a1a2a3a1a2a3a4... is also normal. On the other hand, if η fails to be normal, there are some technical difficulties in order to decide whether η̅  is normal or not, and we also discuss the normality (or not) of η̅ when η fails to be normal.

  • Referencias bibliográficas
    • Citas [1] V. Becher and S. Figueira, An example of a computable absolutely normal number, Theoretical Computer Science 270 (2002), pp. 947-958,...
    • [2] M. E. Borel, Les probabilités denomerables et leurs pplications arithmetiques, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo 27, (1909).
    • [3] D. G. Champernowne, The construction of decimals normal in the scale of ten, J. London Math. Soc., 8, pp. 254-260, (1933).
    • [4] G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press, London, (1975).
    • [5] I. Kuipers and H. Niederreiter, Uniform Distribution of Sequences, John Wiley & Sons, (1974).
    • [6] A. Rényi, Foundations of Probability, Holden-Day Inc., (1970).
    • [7] M. W. Sierpnski, Démonstration élémentaire du théoréme de M.Borel sur les nombres absolument normeaux et détermination effective d’un...

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