Prevalencia de personas mayores confinadas en su hogar en España

• A. Ayala ^[1] ; R. Pujol ^[2] ; A. Avellán ^[1]
  1. [1] Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS-CSIC), Madrid, España
  2. [2] Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Madrid, España
• Localización: Semergen: revista española de medicina de familia, ISSN 1138-3593, Nº. 8, 2018, págs. 562-571
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2018.07.001
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Prevalence of homebound older people in Spain
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Dialnet Métricas: 4 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo Se desconoce el número de personas mayores que viven confinadas en su hogar debido a problemas funcionales o de otra naturaleza. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar su prevalencia en España y conocer sus principales características.

    Material y métodos Se utilizó la Encuesta de Discapacidad, Autonomía Personal y Situaciones de Dependencia. Se definió el confinamiento a partir de la dificultad declarada para movilidad fuera del hogar: personas confinadas en sentido estricto (no pueden salir nunca), semiconfinadas (pueden salir con ayuda pero con serias dificultades) y el resto fueron no confinadas. Se utilizaron los calificadores de capacidad y desempeño para evaluar el efecto final de la prestación de ayuda técnica o personal. Se calcularon prevalencias y se compararon características sociodemográficas y de salud.

    Resultados Sobre un total de 2.146.362 de personas mayores con discapacidad, el 8,1% (IC 95%: 8,1-8,2) resultó población confinada en sentido estricto y un 16,0% (IC 95%: 15,9-16,0) semiconfinada. Las personas mayores confinadas eran sobre todo mujeres, tenían una mayor edad media y un nivel bajo de estudios; declararon más dificultades ante las barreras del entorno; presentaron peor salud percibida, mayor número discapacidades, condiciones crónicas de salud y más problemas funcionales.

    Conclusiones La prevalencia de personas mayores confinadas en su hogar, entre todas las que se encuentran en situación de discapacidad, alcanzó el 24,1%. Sus características sociales, de salud y funcionales indican situaciones de vulnerabilidad. La información sobre confinamiento puede contribuir a la mejora de los planes de actuación social o de salud y facilita la visibilidad de este problema.

  • English

    Objective The number of older people with functional or other problems that prevent them from going out of doors is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of homebound status in Spain and to determine their main characteristics.

    Material and methods The Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health was used. Homebound status was defined according to the declared difficulty with regard to mobility outside the home: completely homebound (not able to leave home), semi-homebound (have serious difficulties but can leave with help), and the individuals without problems that were not homebound. Capacity and performance qualifiers were used to assess the final impact of technical or personal help. Prevalences were calculated, and sociodemographic and health characteristics were compared for the different groups.

    Results Out of a total of 2,146,362 older people with disabilities, 8.1% (95% CI: 8.1-8.2) and 16.0% (95% CI: 15.9-16.0) were (complete) homebound, and semi-homebound, respectively. The homebound elderly were mostly women, had a higher mean age and low education level. They also declared they had more difficulty for the environmental barriers, had worse perceived health, a greater number of disabilities, chronic health conditions, and more functional problems.

    Conclusions The prevalence of older disabled people with a homebound status was 24.1%. The social, health, and functional characteristics suggest situations of vulnerability. The information on homebound individuals could contribute to enhance social and health plans, and to raise the visibility of this problem.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • M.G. Jones, K.A. Ornstein, D.M. Skovran, T.A. Soriano, L.V. DeCherrie Characterizing the high-risk homebound patients in need of nurse practitioner...
  • J. Cohen-Mansfield, D. Shmotkin, H. Hazan Homebound older persons: Prevalence, characteristics, and longitudinal predictors Arch Gerontol...
  • M. Herr, J.-J. Arvieu, P. Aegerter, J.-M. Robine, J. Ankri Unmet health care needs of older people: Prevalence and predictors in a French...
  • J. Lindesay, C. Thompson Housebound elderly people: Definition, prevalence and characteristics Int J Geriatr Psychiatry., 8 (1993), pp. 231-237 CrossRefView...
  • K.A. Ornstein, B. Leff, K. Covinsky, C. Ritchie, A.D. Federman, L. Roberts, et al. The epidemiology of the homebound in the United States JAMA...
  • H. Umegaki, M. Yanagawa, H. Nakashima, T. Makino, M. Kuzuya The prevalence of homebound individuals in the elderly population: A survey in...
  • K. Inoue, M. Matsumoto Homebound status in a community-dwelling elderly population in Japan Asia Pac J Public Health., 13 (2001), pp. 109-115 CrossRefView...
  • I. De-Rosende Celeiro, S. Santos-del-Riego, J. Muñiz García Homebound status among middle-aged and older adults with disabilities in ADLs...
  • L. Negrón-Blanco, J. de Pedro-Cuesta, J. Almazán, C. Rodríguez-Blázquez, E. Franco, J. Damián, et al. Prevalence of and factors associated...
  • M.L. Ruiz-Miralles, M. Richart-Martínez, J.P. Moreno-Pina, F. Villagrasa-Rocher, O. Castroverde-Agudo, M.L. Llopis-Cartagena, et al. Estudio...
  • K. Fujita, Y. Fujiwara, P.H. Chaves, Y. Motohashi, S. Shinkai Frequency of going outdoors as a good predictors for incident disability of...
  • M. Ganguli, A. Fox, J. Gilby, S. Belle Characteristics of rural homebound older adults: A community-based study J Am Geriatr Soc., 44 (1996),...
  • G.H. Gilbert, L.G. Branch, E.J. Orav An operational definition of the homebound Health Serv Res., 26 (1992), pp. 787-800 View Record in ScopusGoogle...
  • A. Kono, K. Kanagawa Characteristics of housebound elderly by mobility level in Japan Nurs Health Sci., 3 (2001), pp. 105-111 View Record...
  • A. Abellán García, J. Pérez Díaz, C. Esparza Catalán, P. Castejón Villarejo, K. Ahmed-Mohamed Discapacidad y dependencia en Andalucía con...
  • J. Almansa, J.L. Ayuso-Mateos, O. Garin, S. Chatterji, N. Kostanjsek, J. Alonso, et al. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability...
  • A. Cieza, R. Hilfiker, S. Chatterji, N. Kostanjsek, B.T. Ustün, G. Stucki The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and...
  • Abellán A, Puga MD. La dependencia entre los mayores. En: Informe España 2001. Una interpretación de su realidad social. Madrid: Fundación...
  • M. Herr, A. Latouche, J. Ankri Homebound status increases death risk within two years in the elderly: Results from a national longitudinal...
  • T. Soones, A. Federman, B. Leff, A.L. Siu, K. Ornstein Two-year mortality in homebound older adults: An analysis of the national health and...
  • W.Q. Qiu, M. Dean, T. Liu, L. George, M. Gann, J. Cohen, et al. Physical and mental health of homebound older adults: An overlooked population J...
  • M.J. McGregor, J. Slater, J. Sloan, K.M. McGrail, A. Martin-Matthews, S. Berg, et al. How's your health at home: Frail homebound patients...
  • T.M. Scott, I. Peter, K.L. Tucker, L. Arsenault, P. Bergethon, R. Bhadelia, et al. The Nutrition, Aging, and Memory in Elders (NAME) study:...
  • N. Stall, M. Nowaczynski, S.K. Sinha Systematic review of outcomes from home-based primary care programs for homebound older adults J Am Geriatr...
  • D.R. Calkins, L.V. Rubenstein, P.D. Cleary, A.R. Davies, A.M. Jette, A. Fink, et al. Failure of physicians to recognize functional disability...
  • J. Virués-Ortega Discapacidad y conductas de afrontamiento en ancianos españoles: un estudio poblacional [tesis doctoral] Madr Univ Rey Juan...
  • M.L. Bruce, R. McNamara Psychiatric status among the homebound elderly: An epidemiologic perspective J Am Geriatr Soc., 40 (1992), pp. 561-566 CrossRefView...
  • T.T. Wan, B.G. Odell Factors affecting the use of social and health services among the elderly Ageing Soc., 1 (1981), pp. 95-115 View Record...
  • J. Almazán-Isla, M. Comín-Comín, E. Alcalde-Cabero, C. Ruiz, E. Franco, R. Magallón, et al. Disability, support and long-term social care...
  • B. Leff, C.M. Carlson, D. Saliba, C. Ritchie The invisible homebound: Setting quality-of-care standards for home-based primary and palliative...
  • A. Abellán García, R. Pujol Rodríguez, J. Pérez Díaz, Á. Rodríguez Laso Cambios en la discapacidad de las personas mayores entre 1999 y 2008...