Resumen de Extremality and dynamically defined measures, part I: Diophantine properties of quasi-decaying measures

Tushar Das, Lior Fishman, David Simmons, Mariusz Urbanski

• We present a new method of proving the Diophantine extremality of various dynamically defined measures, vastly expanding the class of measures known to be extremal. This generalizes and improves the celebrated theorem of Kleinbock and Margulis (’98) resolving Sprindžuk’s conjecture, as well as its extension by Kleinbock, Lindenstrauss, and Weiss (’04), hereafter abbreviated KLW. As applications we prove the extremality of all hyperbolic measures of smooth dynamical systems with sufficiently large Hausdorff dimension, of the Patterson–Sullivan measures of all nonplanar geometrically finite groups, and of the Gibbs measures (including conformal measures) of infinite iterated function systems. The key technical idea, which has led to a plethora of new applications, is a significant weakening of KLW’s sufficient conditions for extremality. In Part I, we introduce and develop a systematic account of two classes of measures, which we call quasi-decaying and weakly quasi-decaying. We prove that weak quasi-decay implies strong extremality in the matrix approximation framework, thus proving a conjecture of KLW. We also prove the “inherited exponent of irrationality” version of this theorem, describing the relationship between the Diophantine properties of certain subspaces of the space of matrices and measures supported on these subspaces. In subsequent papers, we exhibit numerous examples of quasi-decaying measures, in support of the thesis that “almost any measure from dynamics and/or fractal geometry is quasi-decaying”. We also discuss examples of non-extremal measures coming from dynamics, illustrating where the theory must halt.