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Hacia la educación del futuro: El pensamiento computacional como mecanismo de aprendizaje generativo

    1. [1] Universidad de La Laguna

      Universidad de La Laguna

      San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España

  • Localización: Education in the knowledge society (EKS), ISSN 1138-9737, ISSN-e 2444-8729, Vol. 18, Nº. 2, 2017, págs. 33-58
  • Idioma: español
  • DOI: 10.14201/eks2017182335
  • Títulos paralelos:
    • Towards the Education of the Future: Computational Thinking as a Generative Learning Mechanism
  • Enlaces
  • Resumen
    • español

      La transformación de la educación tradicional en una educación “SMART” (del inglés, “Sensitive, Manageable, Adaptable, Responsive and Timely”) implica la modernización integral de todos los procesos educativos. Para dicha transformación, la incorporación de nuevas pedagogías se vuelve imprescindible a nivel metodológico, mientras que el uso de entornos interactivos e inteligentes de aprendizaje supone un hito fundamental a nivel tecnológico. En cualquier caso, el objetivo último de esta transformación es formar y transformar a los estudiantes del futuro para que desarrollen habilidades del siglo XXI y puedan convertirse así en ciudadanos de nuestro mundo en continuo cambio. La tecnología y las computadoras son un aspecto esencial para esta modernización, no solo en términos de soporte tecnológico, sino también en términos de ofrecer nuevas metodologías para el desarrollo de nuevas pedagogías y habilidades. En este contexto, el pensamiento computacional aparece como un mecanismo prometedor para fomentar estas nuevas competencias básicas, ya que ofrece herramientas que se ajustan a los intereses del alumnado y les da la posibilidad de comprender mejor los fundamentos de nuestra sociedad y de los entornos basados en las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). En este trabajo, planteamos la necesidad de realizar un esfuerzo para fomentar el desarrollo del pensamiento computacional como una oportunidad para transformar las pedagogías tradicionales en metodologías adaptadas al futuro. Además, presentamos una visión general sobre el pensamiento computacional y analizamos el estado actual de la educación “SMART”, haciendo hincapié en la falta de metodologías que permitan apoyar esta transición. Por último, proporcionamos —a aquellos educadores interesados en conseguir un cambio real— información sobre iniciativas dedicadas a la difusión o promoción del pensamiento computacional; herramientas o materiales de apoyo para el desarrollo del pensamiento computacional entre los estudiantes; así como una síntesis de las experiencias y los resultados existentes en relación a la aplicación del pensamiento computacional en entornos educativos.

    • English

      The transformation of traditional education into a Sensitive, Manageable, Adaptable, Responsive and Timely (SMART) education involves the comprehensive modernisation of all educational processes. For such a transformation, smart pedagogies are needed as a methodological issue while smart learning environments represent the technological issue, both having as an ultimate goal to cultivate smart learners. Smart learners need to develop 21st century skills so that they can become into smart citizens of our changing world. Technology and computers are an essential aspect for this modernisation, not only in terms of technological support for smart environments but also in terms of offering new methodologies for smart pedagogy and the development of smart skills. In this context, computational thinking appears as a promising mechanism to encourage core skills since it offers tools that fit learners’ interests and gives them the possibility to better understand the foundations of our ICT-based society and environments. In this work, we raise to make an effort to encourage the development of computational thinking as an opportunity to transform traditional pedagogies to smarter methodologies. We provide a general background about computational thinking and analyse the current state-of-the-art of smart education, emphasizing that there is a lack of smart methodologies which can support the training of 21st century smart skills. Finally, we provide —to those educators interested in pursuing the philosophy of smart education— information about initiatives devoted to the dissemination or promotion of computational thinking; existing tools or materials which support educators for the development of computational thinking among the students; and previous experiences and results about the application of computational thinking in educational environments.

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