Control Multivariable por Desacoplo

• Fernando Morilla ^[1] ; Juan Garrido ^[2] ; Francisco Vázquez ^[2]
  1. [1] Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

     Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

     Madrid, España

     
  2. [2] Universidad de Córdoba
• Localización: Revista iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial ( RIAI ), ISSN-e 1697-7920, Vol. 10, Nº. 1, 2013, págs. 3-17
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.1016/j.riai.2012.11.001
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Multivariable Control by Decoupling
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    La interacción entre variables es una característica inherente de los procesos multivariables, que dificulta su operación y el diseño de sus sistemas de control. Bajo el paradigma de Control por desacoplo se agrupan un conjunto de metodologías, que tradicionalmente han estado orientadas a eliminar o reducir la interacción, y que recientemente algunos investigadores han reorientado con objetivos de solucionar un problema tan complejo como es el control multivariable. Parte del material descrito en este artículo es bien conocido en el campo del control de procesos, pero la mayor parte de él son resultados de varios años de investigación de los autores en los que han primado la generalización del problema, la búsqueda de soluciones de fácil implementación y la combinación de bloques elementales de control PID. Esta conjunción de intereses provoca que no siempre se pueda conseguir un desacoplo perfecto, pero que sí se pueda conseguir una considerable reducción de la interacción en el nivel básico de la pirámide de control, en beneficio de otros sistemas de control que ocupan niveles jerárquicos superiores. El artículo resume todos los aspectos básicos del Control por desacoplo y su aplicación a dos procesos representativos: una planta experimental de cuatro tanques acoplados y un modelo 4×4 de un sistema experimental de calefacción, ventilación y aire acondicionado.

  • English

    The interaction between variables is inherent in multivariable processes and this fact may complicate their operation and control system design. Under the paradigm of decoupling control, several methodologies that traditionally have been addressed to cancel or reduce the interactions are gathered. Recently, this approach has been reoriented by several researchers with the aim to solve such a complex problem as the multivariable control. Parts of the material in this work are well known in the process control field; however, most of them are results obtained by the authors after several years of research giving priority to the problem generalization and practical issues like easiness of implementation and utilization of PID controllers as elementary blocks. This combination of interests makes difficult to obtain perfect decoupling in all cases; although it is possible to achieve an important interaction reduction at the basic level of the control pyramid in such a way that other control systems at higher hierarchical levels benefit of this fact. This article summarizes the main aspects of decoupling control and presents its application to two illustrative examples: an experimental quadruple tank process and a 4×4 model of a heat, ventilation and air conditioning system.

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