Estudio clínico y hematológico de una infección experimental con Aeromonas hydrophila y Edwardsiella tarda en tilapia, Oreochromis sp

• Autores: Mónica A. Vásquez Piñeros, Iang Schroniltgen Rondón Barragán, Luis Fernando Restrepo Betancur, Pedro R. Eslava Mocha
• Localización: Orinoquía, ISSN-e 0121-3709, Vol. 14, Nº. 1, 2010, págs. 33-44
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Clinical and hematological study of experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda on tilapia Oreochromis sp
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Las bacterias oportunistas como A. hydrophila y E. tarda se relacionan con brotes de septicemia hemorrágica en tilapias de cultivo en nuestro país, siendo los agentes de mayor participación en enfermedades infecciosas en cultivos de Oreochromis sp en el Departamento del Meta. Este artículo reporta un estudio clínico y hematológico de tilapias híbridas (50 - 70g) durante la infección experimental con Aeromonas hydrophila y Edwardsiella tarda; realizada por medio de inoculaciones intraperitoneales de 7 x 10(8) UFC/ml y 2 x 10(8) UFC/ml, de A. hydrophila y E. tarda respectivamente. A partir de las 11 horas los peces infectados presentaron: palidez, letargo, boqueo, aumento de la frecuencia opercular y pérdida de eje de nado. En el examen hematológico, los animales infectados presentaron linfopenia severa, aumento de monocitos, hemólisis, abundantes células blásticas, marcada carriorrexis, hipocromía y anisocitosis, características de una anemia hipocrómica y eritroclasia descrita en infecciones bacterianas en peces. Al examen de necropsia, los peces inoculados con las bacterias evidenciaron: hemorragias en la base de las aletas y órganos internos, palidez e hígado moteado, aumento de líquido abdominal y líquido sanguinolento en el intestino, a diferencia de animales control que no presentaron estas lesiones. Adicionalmente, se observó hepatomegalia en animales infectados, aunque no hubo diferencias significativas en el índice hepatosomático de estos animales con respecto a animales control. En el tratamiento de E. tarda, en el bazo se observaron nódulos blanquecinos de distribución multifocal. Durante el presente estudio tilapias hibridas infectadas con E. tarda y A. hydrophila, mostraron un cuadro clínico compatible con septicemia hemorrágica, posiblemente ocasionado por a productos extracelulares (PEC) tales como hemolisinas y aerolisinas con actividad hemolítica y citotóxica en peces, entre otros factores. Este trabajo constituye una aproximación a un modelo de estudio de enfermedad bacteriana de tilapias con cepas patógenas aisladas en la región.

  • English

    Opportunistic bacteria as A. hydrophila and E. tarda are related to haemorrhagic septicaemia outbreaks in cultured tilapias in our country, being the aetiological agents of highest participation on the diagnosis of infection disease in cultures of Oreochromis sp., in Departamento del Meta. This article reports a clinical and hematological study of tilapia hybrid (50-70g) during the experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda made by intraperitoneal inoculation of 7 x 10(8) CFU/ml and 2 x 10(8) CFU/ml of A. hydrophila and E. tarda, respectively. From 11 hours infected fish showed paleness, lethargy, gasping, increased respiratory frequency and loss of swim axis. At hematological examination, infected animals showed severe lymphopenia, increased monocytes, hemolysis, increased blastic cells, karyorrhexis, hypochromia and anisocytosis, which is characteristic of a hypochromic anemia and erythroclasia described in fish bacterial infection. At necropsy examination, fish inoculated with bacteria showed: hemorrhages on the base of fins and internal organs, pale and mottled liver, increased abdominal fluid and blood-stained fluid in intestine, unlike control animals that did not show these lesions. Additionally, hepatomegaly was observed in experimental infected animals, even though there were not significance differences in the hepatosomatic index of these animals with respect to control. In treatment of E. tarda, whitish nodules with multifocal distribution were observed in spleen. During the present study, hybrid tilapias infected with E. tarda y A. hydrophila, showed a clinical condition compatible with haemorrhagic septicaemia, possibly associated to extracellular products (ECP), such as hemolysins and aerolisyns, with hemolytic and cytotoxic activity in fish, among other factors. This work is an approximation to a model of study of bacterial disease of tilapia with pathogenic strains isolated in the region.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Allan, B, Stevenson, R. (1981). Extracellular virulence factors of Aeromonas hydrophila in fish infection. Can J Microbiol. 1114-1122
  • Benli, K, Yildiz, Y. (2004). Blood parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) spontaneously infected with Edwardsiella tarda. Aqua...
  • Chacón, M, Figueras, G, Castro, G, Soler, L, Guarro, J. (2003). Distribution of virulence genes in clinical and environmental isolates of...
  • Chen, J, Lai, S, Huang, S. (1996). Molecular cloning, characterization and sequencing of the hemolysin gene from Edwardsiella tarda. Arch...
  • Chopra, A, Houston, C. (1999). Enterotoxins in Aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis. Review. Microbes infect. 1129-1137
  • Production: environments, species, quantities and values. Fishery and Aquaculture Department. Corporate Document Repository.
  • Francis-Floyd, R. (1988). Behavioral diagnosis. Vet Clin North Amer. 303-314
  • Francis-Floyd, R. (1999). Clinical Examination of Fish in Private Collections. Vet Clin North Am Exotic Anim Pract. 247-264
  • Groff, JM, Zinkl, JG. (1999). Hematology and clinical chemistry of cyprinid fish. Common carp and goldfish. Vet Clin North Amer Exot Anim...
  • Harikrishnan, R, Nisha Rani, M, Balasundaram, C. (2003). Hematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, following...
  • Inglis, V, Roberts, R, Bromage, N. (1993). Bacterial diseases of fish. Blackwell Publishing.
  • Iregui, C, Hernández, E, Jiménez, A, Pulido, A, Rey, AL, Comas, J, Peña, LC, Rodríguez, M. (2004). Primer mapa epidemiológico de las lesiones...
  • Jimenez, A, Iregui, C, Figueroa, J. (2008). Caracterización y evaluación in vivo e in vitro del lipopolisacarido de Aeromonas hydrophila....
  • Khalil, A, Mansour, E. (1997). Toxicity of crude extracellular products of Aeromonas hydrophila in tilapia, Tilapia nilotica. Lett Appl Microbiol....
  • Kostrzynska, M, Dooley, J, Shimojo, T, Sakata, T, Trust, T. (1992). Antigenic diversity of the S-layer proteins from pathogenic strains of...
  • Plumb, J. (1997). Tilapia Aquaculture in the Americas. World Aquaculture Society. Auburn.
  • Miwa, S, Mano, N. (2000). Infection with Edwardsiella tarda causes hypertrophy of liver cells in the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus....
  • Mohanty, B, Sahoo, P. (2007). Edwardsiellosis in fish: a brief review. J Biosci. 1331-1344
  • Morohoshi, T, Inaba, T, Kato, N, Kanai, K, Ikeda, T. (2004). Identification of quorum-sensing signal molecules and the LuxRI homologs in fish...
  • Muroga, K. (1997). Recent advances in infection disease of marine fish with particular reference to the case in Japan. Disease in Asian Aquaculture...
  • Murugappan, R, Rekha, S, Thirumurugan, R. (2006). Characterization and quantification of siderophores produced by Aeromonas hydrophila isolated...
  • Passantino, L, Altamura, M, Cianciotta, A, Patruno, R, Tafaro, A, Jirillo, E, Passantino, GF. (2002). Fish immunology. I.: Binding and engulfment...
  • Reimschuessel, R, May, E, Bennett, R, Lipsky, M. (1988). Necropsy examination of fish. Vet Clin North Amer Trop Fish Med. 427-433
  • Rey, A, Verjan, N, Ferguson, H, Iregui, C. (2009). Pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila strain KJ99 infection and its extracellular products...
  • Rey, A. Caracterización de las enfermedades de tilapia roja (Oreochromis sp) cultivada en el departamento del Tolima: Sistematización de la...
  • Roberts, RJ. (2001). Fish Pathology. 472
  • Rondón-Barragán, I, Ramírez-Duarte, W, Gutiérrez, G, Eslava-Mocha, P. Edwardsiellosis en tilapia. Memorias XIII Jornada de Acuicultura. Septiembre...
  • Santos, J, Gonzalez, C, Otero, A, García, M. (1999). Hemolitic activity and siderophore production in different Aeromonas species isolated...
  • Silveira-Coffigny, R, Prieto-Trujillo, A, Ascencio- Valle, F. (2004). Effects of different stressors in haematological variables in cultured...
  • Tizard, I. (2009). Veterinary immunology.. 8. Saunders Elsevier.
  • Ueda, IK, Egami, MI, Sasso, WS, Maushima, ER. (2001). Cytochemical aspects of the peripheral blood cells of Oreochromis (tilapia) niloticus....
  • Wang, G, Clark, C, Liu, C, Pucknell, C, Munro, T, Kruk, A, Caldeira, R, Woodward, D, Rodgers, F. (2003). Detection and Characterization of...
  • Watson, J, White, F. (1979). Hemolysins of Edwardsiella tarda. Can J comp Med. 78-83
  • Yanong, RPE. (2003). Necropsy techniques for fish. Practical Gross Necropsy of Exotic Animal Species. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine.
  • Yildiz, Y, Bekcan, S, Benli, K, Akan, M. (2005). Some blood parameters in the eel (Anguilla anguilla) spontaneously infected with Aeromonas...
  • Yildiz, Y. (1998). Effects of experimental infection with Pseudomonas fluorescens on different blood parameters in carp (Cyprinus carpio L)....