Estado del arte en procesos de zonificación

• Autores: Pilar Moreno Regidor , Jesús García López de la Calle
• Localización: Geofocus: Revista Internacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Información Geográfica, ISSN-e 1578-5157, Nº. 11, 2011
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Los procesos de partición espacial implican la división de un espacio geográfico en diferentes unidades o zonas según un conjunto específico de criterios. En ámbitos relacionados con las ciencias geoespaciales, la delimitación de estas zonas se realiza por agrupación de otras unidades básicas de área existentes en el espacio de trabajo. En este artículo se ofrece una revisión de los métodos de solución diseñados para este tipo de problemas, comenzando por una introducción a las técnicas heurísticas y modelos matemáticos más utilizados desde los años 60, para finalizar describiendo los recientes algoritmos aplicados a diagramas de Voronoi. También se revisan las aplicaciones en las que se han implementado algunos de estos modelos, quedando patente que son herramientas diseñadas para el tratamiento de problemas específicos, dada la dificultad de diseñar modelos genéricos y versátiles para este tipo de particiones espaciales o zonificaciones

  • English

    The spatial partition problems involve the division of a geographic space into different units or zones according to specific criteria. In geospatial sciences the definition of these zones is made by aggregation of other areal basic units of the working space. This article provides a review of the solution methods for this kind of problems, starting with an introduction to the heuristics and mathematical models that have been most frequently used since the 60.s, and ending with a description of the modern algorithms applied to Voronoi Diagrams. We also review the applications where some of these models have been implemented and, as we can see, they are tools for specific problems because of the difficulty to design general and versatile models for this type of spatial partitions.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Aerts, J. C. J. H. y Heuvelink, G. B. M. (2002): “Using simulated annealing for resource allocation”, International Journal of Geographical...
  • Aerts, J. C. J. H.; Eisinger, E. et al. (2003): “Using linear integer programming for multi-site land-use allocation”, Geographical Analysis,...
  • Ahmadi, F. A. (2006): Geographical study of school attendance areas using the multiplicatively weighted Voronoi method: A case of Rasht City....
  • Alani, H., Jones, C. B., Tudhope, D. (2001): “Voronoi-based region approximation for geographical information retrieval with gazetteers”,...
  • Alvanides, S., Openshaw, S., Rees, P. (2002): “Designing your own geographies”, en The Census Data System. P. Rees, D. Martin and P. Williamson...
  • Alvanides, S., Openshaw, S., Whalley, S. (2003): “Experiments and recommendations on output area design for the 2001 UK census”, Computers,...
  • Armstrong, M. P., Lolonis, P., Honey R. (1993): “A spatial decision support system for school redistricting”, URISA Journal, pp. 40-52.
  • Assunção, R. M., Corrêa, M., Câmara, G., Costa, C. (2006): “Efficient regionalisation techniques for socio-economic geographical units using...
  • Baçâo, F., Lobo, V., Painho, M. (2005): “Applying genetic algorithms to zone design”, Soft Computing: A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies...
  • Benabdallah, S. y Wright, J. R. (1992): “Multiple subregion allocation models”, ASCE Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 118, pp. 24-40.
  • Bergey, P. K., Ragsdale, C. T., Hoskote, M. (2003): “A simulated annealing genetic algorithm for the electrical power districting problem”,...
  • Bong, C. W., Chai, W. Y, Wong, C. (2004): “State of the art multiobjective metaheuristic for redistricting”, en OCEAN‟04 MTTS/IEEE TECHNO-OCEAN‟04,...
  • Boots, B. (1973): “Some models of the random subdivision of space”, Geografiska Annaler, 55, pp. 34-48.
  • Boots, B. (1975): “Patterns of urban settlements revisited”, The Professional Geographer, 27, pp. 426-431.
  • Boots, B. y South, R. (1997): “Modeling retail trade areas using higher-order, multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagrams”, Journal of Retailing,...
  • Boyland, M., Nelson, J, Bunnell, F. L. (2004): “Creating land allocation zones for forest management: a simulated annealing approach”, Canadian...
  • Boyle, P. J. y Dunn, C. E. (1991): “Redefinition of enumeration district centroids: A test of their accuracy using Thiessen polygons”, Environmental...
  • Bozkaya, B., Erkut, E., Laporte, G. (2003): “A tabu search heuristic and adaptive memory procedure for political districting”, European Journal...
  • Brookes, C. J. (1997): “A parameterized region-growing programme for region allocation on raster suitability maps”, International Journal...
  • Browdy, M. H. (1990): “Simulated annealing: An improved computer model for political redistricting”, Yale Law and Policy Review, 8, pp. 163-179.
  • Caro, F., Shirabe, T. et al. (2004): “School redistricting: Embedding GIS tools with integer programming”, Journal of the Operational Research...
  • Corrêa, M., Câmara, G., Assunção, R., Costa, C. (2002): Procedimentos Automáticos e Semi-automáticos de Regionalização por Árvore Geradora...
  • Cova, T. J., Church, R. L. (2000): “Contiguity constraints for single-region site search problems”, Geographical Analysis, 32, 4, pp. 306-329.
  • Crema, S. C. (1996): “A comparison between linear programming and a choice heuristic approach to multi-objective decision making using GIS”,...
  • Cromley, R. G. y Hanink, D. M. (1999): “Coupling land use allocation models with raster GIS”, Journal of Geographical Systems, 1, pp. 137-153.
  • D‟Amico, S. J., Wang, S. J., Batta, R., Rump, C. M. (2002): “A simulated annealing approach to police district design”, Computers and Operations...
  • Dong, P. (2008): “Generating and updating multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagrams for point, line and polygon features in GIS”, Computers...
  • Eagleson, S., Escobar, F., Williamson, I. P. (2001): “Developing a theoretical framework for the delineation of administrative boundaries...
  • Eagleson, S., Escobar, F., Williamson, I. P. (2002): “Hierarchical spatial reasoning theory and GIS technology applied to the automated delineation...
  • Eastman, J. R., Jiang, H., Toledano, J. (1998): “Multi-criteria and multi-objective decision making for land allocation using GIS”, Multi-Criteria...
  • El-Farzi, E y Mitra, G. (1992): “Solution of set-covering and set-partitioning problems using assignment relaxations”, Journal of the Operational...
  • Fleischmann, B. y Paraschis, J. N. (1988): “Solving a large scale districting problem: a case report”, Computers & Operations Research,...
  • Forman, S. L. y Yue, Y. (2003): “Congressional districting using a TSP-based genetic algorithm”, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag,...
  • Gahegan, M. y Lee I. (2000): “Data structures and algorithms to support interactive spatial analysis using dynamic Voronoi diagrams”, Computers,...
  • Galvão, L. C., Novaes, A. G. N., de Cursi, J. E. S., Souza, J. C. (2006): “A multiplicatively-weighted Voronoi diagram approach to logistics...
  • Gold, C. M. y Condal, A. R. (1995): “A spatial data structure integrating GIS and simulation in a marine environment”, Marine Geodesy, 18,...
  • Gold, C. M. y Angel, P. (2006): “Voronoi hierarchies”, en Proceedings of GIScience. Munster, Germany, pp. 99-111.
  • Guo, J., Trinidad, G., Smith, N. (2000): “MOZART: A multi-objective zoning and aggregation tool”, en Proceedings o Philippine Computing School...
  • Haining, R. P., Wise, S., Ma, J. (1996): “The design of a software system for the interactive spatial statistical analysis linked to a GIS”,...
  • Haining, R. P., Wise, S., Ma, J. (2000): “Designing and implementing software for spatial statistical analysis in a GIS environment”, Journal...
  • Hess, S. W. y Samuels, S. A. (1971): “Experiences with a sales districting model: Criteria and implementation”, Management Science, 18, 4,...
  • Hojati, M. (1996): “Optimal political districting”, Computers & Operations Research, 23, 12, pp. 1147-1161.
  • Horn, M. E. T. (1995): “Solution techniques for large regional partitioning problems”, Geographical Analysis, 27, 3, pp. 230-148.
  • Huff, D. L. y Lutz, J. M. (1979): “Ireland‟s urban system”, Economic Geography, 55, pp.196-212.
  • Kalcsics, J., Nickel, S., Schröder, M. (2005): “Towards a unified territory design approach: applications, algorithms, and GIS integration”,...
  • Kalcsics, J., Nickel, S., Schröder, M. (2005): “Towards a unified territory design approach: applications, algorithms, and GIS integration”,...
  • Kalcsics, J., Nickel, S., Schröder, M. (2009): “A generic geometric approach to territory design and districting”, Berichte des Fraunhofer...
  • López-Blanco, J. (1994): “The Role of GIS-User interactive process in the delineating boundaries or environmental units for land management:...
  • Macmillan, W. (2001): “Redistricting in a GIS environment: An optimization algorithm using switching-points”, Journal of Geographical Systems,...
  • Macmillan, W. y Pierce, T. (1992): “Optimization modelling in a GIS framework: the problem of political districting”, Specialist meeting,...
  • Martin, D. (1998): “Optimizing census geography: the separation of collection and output geographies”, International Journal of Geographical...
  • Martin, D. (2003): “Extending the automated zoning procedure to reconcile incompatible zoning systems”, International Journal of Geographical...
  • Mehrotra, A., Johnson, E. L., Nemhauser, G. L. (1998): “An optimization based heuristic for political districting”, Management Science, 44,...
  • Mu, L. y Radke, J. D. (2002): “Fire polygon decomposition with the multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram”, en Second International Conference...
  • Mu, L. (2004): “Polygon characterization with the multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram”, The Professional Geographer, 56, 2, pp. 223-239.
  • Mu, L. y Wang, X. (2006): “Population landscape: a geometric approach to studying spatial patterns of the US urban hierarchy”, International...
  • Muyldermans, L., Cattrysse, D., Van Oudheusden, D., Lotan, T. (2002): “Districting for salt spreading operations”, European Journal of Operational...
  • Novaes, A. G. N., Souza de Cursi, J. E., da Silva, A. C. L., Souza, J. C. (2009): “Solving continuous location–districting problems with Voronoi...
  • Nygreen, B. (1988): “European assembly constituencies for Wales: comparing of methods for solving a political districting problem”, Math....
  • Ochoa, A., Bernabé, B., Ochoa, O. (2009): “Towards a parallel system for demographic zonification based on complex networks”, Journal of Applied...
  • Okabe, A., Boots, B., Sugihara, K. (1992): Spatial tessellations, concepts and applications of Voronoi diagrams. New York, John Wiley and...
  • Okabe, A. y Suzuki, A. (1997): “Locational optimization problems solved through Voronoi diagrams”, European Journal of Operational Research,...
  • Okabe, A., Boots, B. et al. (2000): Spatial Tessellations. New York, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics, 2ª Ed., John Wiley &...
  • Openshaw, S. A. (1977): “Geographical solution to scale and aggregation problems in region-building, partitioning and spatial modeling”, Transactions...
  • Openshaw, S. A. (1978): “An empirical study of some zone design criteria”, Environment and Planning A, 10, pp. 781-794.
  • Openshaw, S. A. (1984): The modifiable areal unit problem. Norwich, UK, Geo Books.
  • Openshaw, S. y Rao, L. (1995): “Algorithms for reengineering 1991 census geography”, Environment and Planning A, 27, pp. 425-446.
  • Openshaw, S. y Alvanides, S. (2001): “Designing zoning systems for representation of socio-economic data”, en Frank A., Raper J. and Cheylan...
  • Rajabifard, A. y Williamson, I. P. (2001): “Regional administrative boundaries pilot project report”. En 7th Meeting of the Permanent Committee...
  • Reitsma, R., Thabane, L., Macleod, M. (2004): “Adaptive multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagrams for information space regionalization”,...
  • Reitsma, R. y Trubin, S. (2007): “Information space partitioning using adaptive Voronoi diagrams”, Information Visualization, 6, pp. 123-138.
  • Ricca, F., Scozzari, A., Simeone, B. (2008): “Drawing political districts by weighted Voronoi regions and local search”, Mathematical and...
  • Ríos-Mercado, R. Z. y Fernández, E. (2009): “A reactive GRASP for a commercial territory design problem with multiple balancing requirements”,...
  • Segal, M. y Weinberger, D. B. (1977): “Turfing”, Operations Research, 25, 3, pp. 367-386.
  • Shirabe, T. A. (2005): “Model of contiguity for spatial unit allocation”, Geographical Analysis, 37, 1, pp. 2-16.
  • Solís, N., Ríos-Mercado, R. Z., Álvarez, A. M. (2009): “Modelando sistemas territoriales con programación entera”, Ingenierías, 12, 44, pp....
  • Stillwell, J. C. H. y Langley, R. (1999): “Information and planning in the education sector”, en Stillwell, J. et al. (Eds.): Geographical...
  • Tavares-Pereira, F., Figueira, J., Mousseau, V., Roy, B. (2007): “Multiple criteria districting problems. The public transportation network...
  • Tiede, D. y Strobl, J. (2006): “Polygon-based regionalisation in a GIS environment”, en Buhmann, E., Ervin, S., Jørgensen, I., Strobl, J....
  • Trubin, S. (2006): Information space mapping with adaptive Voronoi Diagrams. Master Thesis, Department of Computer Science, Oregon State University,...
  • Vargas-Suárez, L., Ríos-Mercado, R. Z., López, F. (2005): “Usando GRASP para resolver un problema de definición de territorios de atención...
  • Weise, T. (2009): Global Optimization Algorithms -Theory and Application. Version: 2009-06-26. [Consulta: 11-03-2010]. Disponible en: http://www.it-weise.de/
  • Williams, J. C. (1995): “Political districting: A review”, Papers in Regional Science: The Journal of the Regional Science Association International,...
  • Williams, J. C. (2002): “A zero-one programming model for contiguous land acquisition”, Geographical Analysis, 34, 4, pp. 330-349.
  • Zoltners, A. A. y Sinha, P. (1983): “Sales territory alignment: A review and model”, Management Science, 29, pp. 1237-1256.
  • Zoltners, A. A. y Sinha, P. (2001): “Sales-Force decision models: Insights from 25 years of implementation”, Interfaces, 31, 3, pp. S8-S44.