In this paper, a generalization of the Shephard's input distance function, the directional input distance functions and the input Holder metric distance functions is presented by means of a new distance function, termed the input loss distance function. Additionally, we generalize the bene t function of Luenberger and study the characteristic properties of the input loss distance function. We further state a general dual correspondence between the cost function and the input loss distance function, which encompasses all previously published duality results. Finally, we show how the new distance function can be useful in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA).
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