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Evaluación de la competitividad internacional en la industria aeronáutica mediante métodos multicriterio y modelos multivariantes

  • Pablo Álvaro Ramos Ruiz [1] ; Mª Carmen García-Centeno [2] ; Laura de Pablos [3] ; Carmen Calderón [4]
    1. [1] Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

      Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

      Madrid, España

    2. [2] Universidad San Pablo

      Universidad San Pablo

      México

    3. [3] Universidad Complutense de Madrid

      Universidad Complutense de Madrid

      Madrid, España

    4. [4] Universidad CEU San Pablo

      Universidad CEU San Pablo

      Madrid, España

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  • Localización: BEIO, Boletín de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, ISSN 1889-3805, Vol. 42, Nº. 1, 2026, págs. 41-65
  • Idioma: español
  • Enlaces
  • Resumen
    • español

      Este estudio evalúa la madurez de los países en la producción de grandes aeronaves civiles mediante un análisis comparativo de tres metodologías cuya denominación inglesa es: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) y Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Se analiza una muestra de 20 países para identificar aquellos con menores barreras de entrada en la industria de la aviación y mayor potencial competitivo. Los resultados muestran que AHP, PROMETHEE y SEM ponen de relieve el actual duopolio de fabricación dentro de los 5 primeros, al tiempo que incluyen el empuje asiático representado por China y Corea del Sur. AHP y PROMETHEE hacen hincapié en factores como las infraestructuras, el acceso a la tecnología y la estabilidad de la producción aeronáutica. En cambio, SEM refleja un mayor énfasis en las políticas de inversión, la capacidad industrial y la competitividad global del sector aeroespacial. La alineación entre los métodos sugiere que, mientras los países tradicionales mantienen su dominio, están surgiendo nuevas economías como actores clave en la industria aeroespacial. En conclusión, la combinación de estos enfoques proporciona una visión global del mercado aeroespacial mundial, así como la confirmación del encaje adecuado de un nuevo Índice de Madurez Nacional para la Producción de Grandes Aeronaves Civiles, que permite identificar oportunidades y retos en esta desafiante industria.

    • English

      This study assesses the maturity of countries in the production of large civil aircraft through a comparative analysis of three methodologies whose English denomination is: the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), the Preference Ranking Organisation Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). A sample of 20 countries is analysed to identify those with lower barriers to entry in the aviation industry and higher competitive potential. The results show that AHP, PROMETHEE and SEM highlight the current manufacturing duopoly within the top 5, while including the Asian push represented by China and South Korea. AHP and PROMETHEE emphasise factors such as infrastructure, access to technology and stability of aircraft production. In contrast, SEM reflects a greater emphasis on investment policies, industrial capacity and global competitiveness in the aerospace sector. The alignment between the methods suggests that, while traditional countries maintain their dominance, new economies are emerging as key players in the aerospace industry. In conclusion, the combination of these approaches provides a comprehensive overview of the global aerospace market, as well as confirmation of the appropriate fit of a new National Maturity Index for the Production of Large Civil Aircraft, allowing the identification of opportunities and challenges in this defiant industry.

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