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Role of Alternative Food Sources in Predator-Prey Systems with Harvesting, Allee and Wind Effects

  • Feng Lai [1] ; Yan Zhang [2] ; Hongyu Liu [1] ; Shujing Gao ; Youquan Luo [1]
    1. [1] Gannan Normal University

      Gannan Normal University

      China

    2. [2] Shanghai Dianji University

      Shanghai Dianji University

      China

  • Localización: Qualitative theory of dynamical systems, ISSN 1575-5460, Vol. 25, Nº 2, 2026
  • Idioma: inglés
  • Enlaces
  • Resumen

    • This paper investigates a predator-prey model that integrates wind, the Allee effect, and harvesting. Given the availability of alternative prey, predator growth follows the Beverton-Holt model. For the deterministic model, the existence and stability of equilibrium points, as well as various bifurcation phenomena are analyzed. Then, we extend the model to a stochastic version, deriving conditions for species extinction, persistence, and the existence of an ergodic stationary distribution. All theoretical results are verified through numerical simulations. The interplay of wind, the Allee effect, additional food sources, and harvesting induces complex system dynamics, including Hopf bifurcation, saddle-node (LP) bifurcation, Bogdanov-Takens (BT) bifurcation, cusp bifurcation and bistability. Notably, the increase of additional food sources can suppress the Allee effect on predator and it can also effectively mitigate the noise-induced effects on predator population. This study provides practical insights for ecosystem management, species conservation, and biodiversity preservation.

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