Modeling the vertical and horizontal transmission of malaria with intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy
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Sunil Kanhaiyalal Kushavaha [1] ; Arvind Kumar Sinha [1]
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[1] National Institute Of Technology
National Institute Of Technology
Japón
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- Localización: SeMA Journal: Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Matemática Aplicada, ISSN-e 2254-3902, ISSN 2254-3902, Vol 83, Nº. 1, 2026, págs. 131-157
- Idioma: inglés
- DOI: 10.1007/s40324-024-00370-8
- Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
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Resumen
Malaria is an infectious vector-borne disease with a high fatality rate among infants. Malaria causes anaemia, slow fatal growth, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Intermittent preventive treatment is an intervention for treating and preventing malaria in pregnant women, infants, children, and schoolchildren using antimalarial drugs. This study introduces a host-vector mathematical model of vertical and horizontal malaria transmission with intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy. The model is well-posed due to the positivity and boundedness of the solution. The basic reproduction number is determined using the next-generation matrix method. Stability analysis reveals that the malaria-free equilibrium point is locally and globally stable if the reproduction number is less than one and unstable if it exceeds one. The existence and stability of the endemic equilibrium points are established using bifurcation analysis and the Lyapunov function. The validation is carried out on a benchmark dataset to assess the efficacy of the proposed model with parameter estimation. The numerical simulation presents the effect of intermittent preventive treatment programs, the efficacy of antimalarial drugs, vertical transmission, and treatment. The most influential parameters are identified by sensitivity analysis. The proposed model asserts that malaria infections in humans are reduced by 41.51%, 65.98%, and 67.50% through implementing intermittent preventive treatment programs, effective treatment, and prevention of vertical transmission, respectively. The efficacy of antimalarial drugs provides the model accuracy of 91.84% in preventing vertical transmission of malaria infections in humans. Our findings underline the need for intermittent preventive treatment programs, better antimalarial drugs, prevention of vertical transmission, and effective treatment. These insights will help public health authorities create policies to eliminate malaria in high-risk populations. In the future, a similar type of preventive action can be applied to different diseases like HIV, monkeypox, and hepatitis in vertical transmission for humankind.
