Resumen de Chemical and functional characterization of chiloe’s giant garlic (allium ampeloprasum l.)

Darlene Peterssen Fonseca, Jonathan Carrasco Sandoval, Joaquín Fernández Martínez, Miguel Herrero , Pedro Aqueveque M., Karem Henríquez-Aedo, Mario Aranda-Bustos

• The present work reports the chemical and functional profile of Chiloe’s giant garlic. Applying AOAC's official methods the proximal content of giant garlic was determined finding a moisture content of 62.34±0.35%, carbohydrates 20.64±0.01%, protein 2.80±0.10%, fat (crude) 0.09±0.00%, ash 0.74±0.02%, and fiber (crude) 13.04±0.01%. Three saccharides [sucrose (5.92±0.02 mg g-1), glucose (0.11±0.00 mg g-1) and fructose (0.46±0.01 mg g-1)], four fatty acids [linoleic acid (57.67±0.00%), palmitic acid (23.46±0.00%), oleic acid (7.20±0.00%), and ⍺-linolenic acid (5.06±0.00%)], and three sulfoxide compounds [alliin (2.66±0.90 mg g-1), methiin (9.61±0.33 mg g-1) and isoalliin (5.02±1.24 mg g-1)] were determined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography (GC) and HPTLC/mass spectrometry (MS), respectively. Functional profile characterization showed an Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) value of 0.250±0.001 mmol TE per 100 g-1 and a total (poly)phenols content (TPC) of 40.66±2.08 mg EAG 100 g-1. (Poly)phenols profile analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)/MS showed only the presence of caffeic acid (0.57±0.05 μg g-1) and rutin (at traces level). Bioactive molecules with antioxidant (DPPH) and COX-2 inhibition activities were identified through HPTLC (bio)autography and MS analysis, finding the presence of tryptophan (antioxidant) and γ-glutamyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine (GSAC), γ-glutamyl-S-(trans-1-propenyl)-L- cysteine (GSPC), alliin and isoalliin with antioxidant and COX-2 inhibitory activity.