Competencia bancaria y crecimiento económico; un análisis empírico internacional

• Autores: Tomás Gómez Rodríguez , Humberto Ríos Bolívar, Adriana Zambrano Reyes
• Localización: Contaduría y administración, ISSN 0186-1042, ISSN-e 2448-8410, Vol. 70, Nº. 4, 2025, págs. 1-22
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Banking competition and economic growth; An international empirical analysis
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Este estudio analiza empíricamente la relación entre competencia bancaria y crecimiento económico utilizando tres medidas: poder de mercado, concentración y eficiencia. La competencia bancaria es crucial para el acceso al crédito, la innovación y el desempeño económico. Se emplea una muestra de 122 países (1999–2015) y se prueba una posible relación no lineal. Los métodos incluyen Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO), MCO con efectos fijos de dos vías (MCOef) y Mínimos Cuadrados Generalizados Estimados (MCGE). Los resultados muestran relaciones positivas entre crecimiento económico y poder de mercado, y entre crecimiento económico y concentración. También se halla evidencia de una relación positiva entre eficiencia y crecimiento económico. Además, se sugiere una relación de U invertida entre concentración y crecimiento, indicando que niveles moderados de concentración maximizan el crecimiento, mientras que niveles excesivos pueden perjudicarlo. Estos hallazgos son relevantes para diseñar políticas que equilibren competencia y crecimiento económico.

  • English

    This study empirically analyzes the relationship between banking competition and economic growth using three measures: market power, concentration, and efficiency. Banking competition is crucial for access to credit, innovation, and economic performance. A sample of 122 countries (1999–2015) is used, and a potential non-linear relationship is tested. The methods include Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), OLS with two-way fixed effects (OLSfe), and Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS). The results show positive relationships between economic growth and market power, and between economic growth and concentration. Evidence of a positive relationship between efficiency and economic growth is also found.

    Additionally, an inverted U-shaped relationship between concentration and growth is suggested, indicating that moderate levels of concentration maximize growth, while excessive levels may harm it.

    These findings are relevant for designing policies that balance competition and economic growth

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