Publication: Conexión de nervios amputados con prótesis motoras : bases biotecnológicas y prueba de concepto de una sinapsis motora biohíbrida
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2023-04-24
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El potencial regenerativo del Sistema Nervioso Periférico (PNS), hace que sea de gran interés el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para mejorarlo y obtener una recuperación completa y funcional. Cuando hay daño en los nervios periféricos, el crecimiento y el guiado de los axones es posible gracias a la presencia de las células de Schwann (SC). Este tipo celular es el encargado de crear un ambiente favorable para el crecimiento en la parte distal de la lesión que inerva el tejido diana, en el que se ha perdido la conexión con los núcleos neuronales. Sin embargo, tres condiciones pueden resultar en la incapacidad del PNS para regenerar adecuadamente y mantener la conexión entre el Sistema Nervioso Central (CNS) y los tejidos diana apropiados. Primero, si el daño causa una pérdida de comunicación entre las áreas proximal y distal de las neuronas dañadas, los axones en regeneración perderán contacto con el ambiente favorable creado por las SC. Esto hace imposible que los axones crezcan en la dirección correcta y, en última instancia, provocala formación de un neuroma asociado a un crecimiento descontrolado. En segundo lugar, como el PNS transmite información tanto aferente como eferente, cuando el crecimiento es descontrolado y sin un guiado adecuado las neuronas regeneradas inervan un objetivo que no es el correcto, dando lugar a una reinervación no funcional...
The regenerative potential of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), makes the development of new strategies to improve it and obtain a complete and functional recovery, of great interest. When there is damage to peripheral nerves, the growth and guidance of axons is possible thanks to the presence of Schwann cells (SC). This cell typeis responsible for creating a favorable environment for growth in the distal part of the lesion that innervates the target tissue, in which the connection with the neuronal nuclei has been lost. However, three conditions can result in the inability of the PNS to properly regenerate and maintain the connection between the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the appropriate target tissues. First, if the damage causes a loss of communication between the proximal and distal areas of the damaged neurons, the regenerating axons will lose contact with the favorable environment created by the SCs. This makes it impossible for the axons to grow in the correct direction and ultimately leads to the formation of a neuroma associated with uncontrolled growth. Second, as the PNS transmits both afferent and efferent information, when growth is uncontrolled and without adequate guidance, regenerated neurons innervate a target that is not the correct one, provoking a non-functional reinnervation...
The regenerative potential of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), makes the development of new strategies to improve it and obtain a complete and functional recovery, of great interest. When there is damage to peripheral nerves, the growth and guidance of axons is possible thanks to the presence of Schwann cells (SC). This cell typeis responsible for creating a favorable environment for growth in the distal part of the lesion that innervates the target tissue, in which the connection with the neuronal nuclei has been lost. However, three conditions can result in the inability of the PNS to properly regenerate and maintain the connection between the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the appropriate target tissues. First, if the damage causes a loss of communication between the proximal and distal areas of the damaged neurons, the regenerating axons will lose contact with the favorable environment created by the SCs. This makes it impossible for the axons to grow in the correct direction and ultimately leads to the formation of a neuroma associated with uncontrolled growth. Second, as the PNS transmits both afferent and efferent information, when growth is uncontrolled and without adequate guidance, regenerated neurons innervate a target that is not the correct one, provoking a non-functional reinnervation...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 18-05-2022