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On a Fractal–Fractional-Based Modeling for Influenza and Its Analytical Results

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Abstract

There have been reports of influenza virus resistance in the past, and because this virus has the potential of resistance to cause several pandemics and also is lethal, we investigate the conditions under which the strains coexist as a result. The non-resistant strain undergoes mutation, giving rise to the resistant strain. The incidence rates of the non-resistant and saturated-resistant strains are bi-linear and saturated, respectively. In this study, two flu strain models (resistant and non-resistant) are investigated in a fractal–fractional sense, and the presence of solutions, stability, and numerical simulations are examined for various orders and derivative dimensions. Using numerical values from freely accessible open resources, a numerical technique that is based on Lagrange’s interpolation polynomial is constructed and validated for a particular example.

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Acknowledgements

H.K and J.A express their sincere thanks to Prince Sultan University and OSTİM Technical University for their endless support. The S.E and S.R would like to thank Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, 11586, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Hasib Khan & Jehad Alzabut

  2. Department of Mathematics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan

    Hasib Khan & Muhammad Aslam

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, 42421, Sa-kaka, Saudi Arabia

    Altaf Hussain Rajpar

  4. Department of Industrial Engineering, OSTİM Technical University, 06374, Ankara, Turkey

    Jehad Alzabut

  5. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam

    Shahram Rezapour

  6. Department of Mathematics, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

    Sina Etemad & Shahram Rezapour

  7. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Shahram Rezapour

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  1. Hasib Khan
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  3. Jehad Alzabut
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The authors declare that the study was realized in collaboration with equal responsibility. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shahram Rezapour.

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Khan, H., Rajpar, A.H., Alzabut, J. et al. On a Fractal–Fractional-Based Modeling for Influenza and Its Analytical Results. Qual. Theory Dyn. Syst. 23, 70 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12346-023-00918-5

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