Abstract
We study the geometry of surfaces in \(\mathbb {R}^5\) by relating it to the geometry of regular and singular surfaces in \(\mathbb {R}^4\) obtained by orthogonal projections. In particular, we obtain relations between asymptotic directions, which are not second order geometry for surfaces in \(\mathbb {R}^5\) but are in \(\mathbb {R}^4\). We also relate the umbilic curvatures of each type of surface and their contact with spheres. We then consider the surfaces as normal sections of 3-manifolds in \(\mathbb {R}^6\) and again relate asymptotic directions and contact with spheres by defining an appropriate umbilic curvature for 3-manifolds.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Benedini Riul, P., Oset Sinha, R.: A relation between the curvature ellipse and the curvature parabola. Adv. Geom. 19(3), 389–399 (2019)
Benedini Riul, P., Oset Sinha., R. Relating second order geometry of manifolds through projections and normal sections. Publ. Mat. 65(1) 389–407 (2021)
Benedini Riul, P., Oset Sinha, R., Ruas, M.A.S.: The geometry of corank 1 surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^4\). Q. J. Math. 70(3), 767–795 (2019)
Benedini Riul, P., Ruas, M.A.S., de Jesus Sacramento, A.: Singular 3-manifolds in \(\mathbb{R}^{5}\). arXiv:1911.00360 (2019)
Binotto, R.R., Costa, S.I., Romero-Fuster, M.C.: The curvature Veronese of a 3-manifold in Euclidean space. Real and complex singularities. Am. Math. Soc. Providence RI Contemp. Math. 675, 25–44 (2016)
Bruce, J.W., Nogueira, A.C.: Surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^{4}\) and duality. Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser. 49, 433–443 (1998)
Bruce, J.W., Tari, F.: Families of surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^{4}\). Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc. 45(1), 181–203 (2002)
Costa, S.I.R., Moraes, M.S., Romero Fuster, M.C.: Geometric contact of surfaces immersed in \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\), \(n\geqslant 5\). Differ. Geom. Appl. 27, 442–454 (2009)
Deolindo-Silva, J.L.: Cross-ratio invariants for surfaces in 4-space. Bull. Braz. Math. Soc. New Ser. 1, 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00574-020-00221-w
Dreibelbis, D.: Self-conjugate vectors of immersed 3-manifolds in \(\mathbb{R}^6\). Topol. Appl. 159(2), 450–456 (2012)
Garcia, R., Mochida, D.K.H., Romero Fuster, M.C., Ruas, M.A.S.: Inflection points and topology of surfaces in 4-space. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 352, 3029–3043 (2000)
Izumiya, S., Romero Fuster, M.C., Ruas, M.A.S., Tari, F.: Differential Geometry from Singularity Theory Viewpoint. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Hackensack, pp. xiii+368. ISBN: 978-981-4590-44-0 (2016)
Klotz, C., Pop, O., Rieger, J.H.: Real double-points of deformations of \(\cal{A}\)-simple map-germs from \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) to \(\mathbb{R}^{2n}\). Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 2007, 142–341 (2007)
Little, J.A.: On singularities of submanifolds of higher dimensional Euclidean spaces. Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. 83(4), 261–335 (1969)
Martins, L.F., Nuño-Ballesteros, J.J.: Contact properties of surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\) with corank \(1\) singularities. Tohoku Math. J. 67, 105–124 (2015)
Mochida, D.K.H., Romero Fuster, M.C., Ruas, M.A.S.: Inflection points and nonsingular embeddings of surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^5\). Rocky Mount. J. Math. 33, 995–1010 (2003)
Mochida, D.K.H., Romero Fuster, M.C., Ruas, M.A.S.: The geometry of surfaces in \(4\)-space from a contact viewpoint. Geom. Dedicata 54, 323–332 (1995)
Mochida, D.K.H., Romero Fuster, M.C., Ruas, M.A.S.: Osculating hyperplanes and asymptotic directions of codimension two submanifolds of Euclidean spaces. Geom. Dedicata 77, 305–315 (1999)
Nuño-Ballesteros, J.J., Tari, F.: Surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^{4}\) and their projections to \(3\)-spaces. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. Sect. A 137, 1313–1328 (2007)
Oset Sinha, R., Saji, K.: On the geometry of folded cuspidal edges. Rev. Mat. Complut. 31(3), 627–650 (2018)
Oset Sinha, R., Tari, F.: Projections of surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^{4}\) to \(\mathbb{R}^{3}\) and the geometry of their singular images. Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 32(1), 33–50 (2015)
Romero Fuster, M.C., Ruas, M.A.S., Tari, F.: Asymptotic curves on surfaces in \(\mathbb{R}^{5}\). Commun. Contemporary Math. 10, 1–27 (2008)
Saji, K., Umehara, M., Yamada, K.: The geometry of fronts. Ann. Math. 169(2), 491–529 (2009)
Acknowledgements
The authors thank their families for understanding, since this work was developed mostly during confinement. The authors also thank Farid Tari for useful conversations. The first author would like to express his gratitude to the Universitat de València, where this work was partially carried out, for its hospitality.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
J. L. D. Silva: Work of J. L. Deolindo-Silva partially supported by CAPES/JSPS Grant no. 88887.357189/2019–00. R. O. Sinha: Work of R. Oset Sinha partially supported by MICINN Grant PGC2018-094889-B-I00 and GVA Grant AICO 2019/024.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Deolindo-Silva, J.L., Sinha, R.O. Geometry of surfaces in \(\mathbb R^5\) through projections and normal sections. RACSAM 115, 81 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-021-01019-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-021-01019-1
Keywords
- Surfaces in 5-space
- Singular surfaces in 4-space
- 3-manifolds in 6-space
- Projections
- Normal sections
- Umbilic curvature