Abstract
We prove the discrete analogue of Kakeya conjecture over \(\mathbb {R}^n\). This result suggests that a (hypothetically) low-dimensional Kakeya set cannot be constructed directly from discrete configurations. We also prove a generalization which completely solves the discrete analogue of the Furstenberg set problem in all dimensions. The main tool of the proof is a theorem of Wongkew (Pac J Math 159:177–184, 2003), which states that a low-degree polynomial cannot have its zero set being too dense inside the unit cube, coupled with Dvir-type polynomial arguments (Dvir in J Am Math Soc 22(4):1093–1097, 2009). From the viewpoint of the proofs, we also state a conjecture that is stronger than and almost equivalent to the (lower) Minkowski version of the Kakeya conjecture and prove some results toward it. We also present our own version of the proof of the theorem in Wongkew (Pac J Math 159:177–184, 2003). Our proof shows that this theorem follows from a combination of properties of zero sets of polynomials and a general proposition about hypersurfaces which might be of independent interest. Finally, we discuss how to generalize Bourgain’s conjecture to high dimensions, along the way providing a counterexample to the most naive generalization.
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Acknowledgments
I was supported by Princeton University and the Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics (IPAM) during the research. Part of this research was performed while I was visiting IPAM, which is supported by the National Science Foundation. I thank IPAM for their warm hospitality. I would like to thank Zeev Dvir, Jordan Ellenberg, Larry Guth, Roger Heath-Brown, Marina Iliopoulou, Nets Katz, Noam Solomon, Terence Tao and Ruobing Zhang for very helpful discussions. Zeev Dvir pointed out that we have to allow perturbations in the above remark after Conjecture 1.12. The results in the final section were mainly inspired by the discussion with Terence Tao and Roger Heath-Brown. Terence Tao pointed out to me his work [21]. Roger Heath-Brown gave me useful suggestions on the proof of Theorem 5.1. Marina Iliopoulou helped me to correct a mistake in the initial version. It was Larry Guth who brought [14] to my attention. Finally, I would like to thank the anonymous referee, whose advice led to great improvement of the current exposition.
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Zhang, R. Polynomials with dense zero sets and discrete models of the Kakeya conjecture and the Furstenberg set problem. Sel. Math. New Ser. 23, 275–292 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00029-016-0235-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00029-016-0235-0