Publication: Propuesta metodológica para la realización de ontologías de procedimientos organizacionales con una aproximación al lenguaje natural (MONPRO)
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2019-03-29
Defense date
2019-07-11
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Abstract
Antecedentes. Las organizaciones actuales mantienen relaciones con diversos actores que
intervienen en la ejecución de sus procesos. Estas relaciones pueden presentarse dentro de
la organización o incluso con terceros, haciéndolas más complejas. Esta complejidad trae
consigo problemas inherentes como la correcta definición y gestión de los procedimientos
organizacionales, el manejo de una jerga compartida y la capacitación constante de sus
empleados, incluso actores ocasionales. Los costes asociados a la gestión de los
procedimientos organizacionales son altos, ya que los mismos impactan desde las
actividades operacionales hasta la toma de decisiones estratégicas.
Objetivo. La presente tesis doctoral, tiene como objetivo ayudar a gestionar los
procedimientos organizacionales, a través de la creación de ontologías de dominio específico
organizacional, que incluyan la jerga de todos los empleados de la organización para que
soporte el entendimiento de la operación y los procedimientos de las mismas; así como, un
mecanismo de consulta en lenguaje natural integrado con un sistema en línea.
Metodología. Para la definición del estado de la cuestión, se utilizó una revisión crítica del
estado de la cuestión en la cual se identifican, evalúan e interpretan todas las
investigaciones disponibles relevantes para una pregunta en particular sobre la investigación,
o área temática, o fenómeno de interés. Para el desarrollo de MONPRO, se tomó como
referencia a (Niño, 2003), quien definió una metodología para la creación de modelos, que
consta de cuatro pasos: Determinar el ámbito o realidad al cual se va a aplicar el modelo,
definir el lenguaje para abstraer o representar el modelo, definir el modelo o la metodología y
validar el modelo. Para la prueba de concepto se utilizó Agile Unified Process (AUP). Para
la validación de la prueba de concepto, se utilizaron pruebas de rendimiento, prueba de
usabilidad y validación de las respuestas obtenidas de la ontología por parte de expertos.
Por último, se definieron dos experimentos para cada uno de los diferente casos de estudio
en los que se ha validado la solución propuesta, uno para definir el desempeño de las
respuestas esperadas de la ontología y el otro para definir si las respuestas obtenidas de la
ontología, facilitan la operatividad diaria de los procedimientos organizacionales.
Solución. La solución propuesta es la metodología MONPRO, la cual busca ayuda de una
manera fácil, rápida y sencilla, a que una persona con conocimientos básicos en informática,
sin ser experta en la creación de ontologías, pueda seguirla paso a paso obteniendo
ontologías que representan procedimientos que pueden ser accedidos por los empleados,
interactuando en su propia jerga. Las metodologías genéricas actuales de construcción de
ontologías implican profesionales con conocimientos específicos sobre su construcción e
incluso la vinculación de expertos para crearlas, aumentando los costes relacionados.
La aplicación de MONPRO ofrece a los responsables de la operación de la organización, la
posibilidad de facilitar la operativa diaria de acuerdo con los lineamientos basados en el
conocimiento disponible en los procedimientos organizacionales sistematizados,
prometiendo escenarios prácticos y situaciones factibles que generan mayor comprensión de
la operación de la organización y las disposiciones a seguir con respecto a las alternativas
seleccionadas por parte de los supervisores operativos. Al presentar la metodología, se
hace hincapié en la sencillez de su aplicación y el mejoramiento de la comprensión de los
procedimientos organizacionales al adaptarse a la jerga de los diferentes empleados. Pruebas. Para la prueba de la metodología se tomaron tres casos de estudio: El
procedimiento “Presentación y Defensa de la Tesis Doctoral de la Universidad Carlos III de
Madrid, en Leganés–España - UC3M” el procedimiento “Gestión de grupos de investigación
de la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones de la Universidad del Cauca” en Popayán-Colombia y
el procedimiento “Mantenimiento Preventivo” de la Empresa XYZ en Medellín-Colombia.
Resultados. A parte de la propuesta Metodológica para Soportar el Desarrollo de
Ontologías de Procedimientos Organizacionales a través de una aproximación al lenguaje
natural (MONPRO), que es el objetivo general de esta Tesis, se tienen: Un procedimiento
para hacer procedimientos organizacionales, una interfaz que permite al usuario acceder a la
ontología de procedimientos organizacionales a través de una aproximación basada en
lenguaje natural o del propio lenguaje natural (HIPROOR) y unos indicadores para evaluar si
la solución propuesta facilita la operativa diaria en el uso de los procedimiento
organizacionales.
Background. The current organizations maintain relationships with diverse actors that intervene in the execution of their processes. These relationships can occur within the organization or even with third parties, making them more complex. This complexity brings with it inherent problems such as the correct definition and management of organizational procedures, the management of shared jargon and the constant training of its employees, including occasional actors. The costs associated with the management of organizational procedures are high, since they impact from operational activities to strategic decision making. Objective. The present doctoral thesis, aims to help manage organizational procedures, through the creation of ontologies of specific organizational domain, including the jargon of all employees of the organization to support the understanding of the operation and procedures of the same; as well as, a consultation mechanism in natural language integrated with an online system. Methodology. For the definition of the state of the question, it is a review of the state of the question in which all the investigations are identified, evaluated and interpreted, referring to a particular question about the research, the thematic topic, the phenomenon of interest. For the development of MONPRO, reference was made to (Niño, 2003), who defined a methodology for the creation of models, which consists of four steps: Determine the scope or reality to which the model will be applied, define the language to abstract or represent the model, define the model or methodology and validate the model. For the proof of concept Agile Unified Process (AUP) was used. For the validation of the proof of concept, performance tests, usability test and validation of the responses obtained from the ontology by experts were used. Finally, two experiments were defined for each of the different case studies in which the proposed solution was validated, one to define the performance of the expected responses from the ontology and the other to define whether the responses obtained from the ontology , facilitate the daily operation of organizational procedures. Solution. The proposed solution is the MONPRO methodology, which seeks help in an easy, fast and simple way, so that a person with basic computer knowledge, without being an expert in the creation of ontologies, can follow it step by step, obtaining ontologies that represent procedures that can be accessed by employees, interacting in their own jargon. The current generic methodologies for the construction of ontologies involve professionals with specific knowledge about their construction and even the linking of experts to create them, increasing the related costs. The MONPRO application offers those responsible for the operation of the organization the possibility of facilitating daily operations in accordance with the guidelines based on the knowledge available in systematized organizational procedures, promising practical scenarios and feasible situations that generate greater understanding of the operation of the organization and the provisions to be followed with respect to the alternatives selected by the operational supervisors. When presenting the methodology, emphasis is placed on the simplicity of its application and the improvement of the understanding of organizational procedures by adapting to the jargon of the different employees. Tests. For the test of the methodology, three case studies were taken: The procedure "Presentation and Defense of the Doctoral Thesis of the Carlos III University of Madrid, in Leganés-Spain - UC3M" the procedure "Management of research groups of the Vice-Rectory of Investigations of the Universidad del Cauca "in Popayán-Colombia and the" Preventive Maintenance "procedure of the XYZ Company in Medellín-Colombia. Results. Apart from the Methodological proposal to Support the Development of Organizational Procedures Ontologies through an approach to natural language (MONPRO), which is the general objective of this Thesis, we have: A procedure for making organizational procedures, an interface that allows the user to access the ontology of organizational procedures through an approach based on natural language or natural language (HIPROOR) and indicators to assess whether the proposed solution facilitates daily operations in the use of organizational procedures.
Background. The current organizations maintain relationships with diverse actors that intervene in the execution of their processes. These relationships can occur within the organization or even with third parties, making them more complex. This complexity brings with it inherent problems such as the correct definition and management of organizational procedures, the management of shared jargon and the constant training of its employees, including occasional actors. The costs associated with the management of organizational procedures are high, since they impact from operational activities to strategic decision making. Objective. The present doctoral thesis, aims to help manage organizational procedures, through the creation of ontologies of specific organizational domain, including the jargon of all employees of the organization to support the understanding of the operation and procedures of the same; as well as, a consultation mechanism in natural language integrated with an online system. Methodology. For the definition of the state of the question, it is a review of the state of the question in which all the investigations are identified, evaluated and interpreted, referring to a particular question about the research, the thematic topic, the phenomenon of interest. For the development of MONPRO, reference was made to (Niño, 2003), who defined a methodology for the creation of models, which consists of four steps: Determine the scope or reality to which the model will be applied, define the language to abstract or represent the model, define the model or methodology and validate the model. For the proof of concept Agile Unified Process (AUP) was used. For the validation of the proof of concept, performance tests, usability test and validation of the responses obtained from the ontology by experts were used. Finally, two experiments were defined for each of the different case studies in which the proposed solution was validated, one to define the performance of the expected responses from the ontology and the other to define whether the responses obtained from the ontology , facilitate the daily operation of organizational procedures. Solution. The proposed solution is the MONPRO methodology, which seeks help in an easy, fast and simple way, so that a person with basic computer knowledge, without being an expert in the creation of ontologies, can follow it step by step, obtaining ontologies that represent procedures that can be accessed by employees, interacting in their own jargon. The current generic methodologies for the construction of ontologies involve professionals with specific knowledge about their construction and even the linking of experts to create them, increasing the related costs. The MONPRO application offers those responsible for the operation of the organization the possibility of facilitating daily operations in accordance with the guidelines based on the knowledge available in systematized organizational procedures, promising practical scenarios and feasible situations that generate greater understanding of the operation of the organization and the provisions to be followed with respect to the alternatives selected by the operational supervisors. When presenting the methodology, emphasis is placed on the simplicity of its application and the improvement of the understanding of organizational procedures by adapting to the jargon of the different employees. Tests. For the test of the methodology, three case studies were taken: The procedure "Presentation and Defense of the Doctoral Thesis of the Carlos III University of Madrid, in Leganés-Spain - UC3M" the procedure "Management of research groups of the Vice-Rectory of Investigations of the Universidad del Cauca "in Popayán-Colombia and the" Preventive Maintenance "procedure of the XYZ Company in Medellín-Colombia. Results. Apart from the Methodological proposal to Support the Development of Organizational Procedures Ontologies through an approach to natural language (MONPRO), which is the general objective of this Thesis, we have: A procedure for making organizational procedures, an interface that allows the user to access the ontology of organizational procedures through an approach based on natural language or natural language (HIPROOR) and indicators to assess whether the proposed solution facilitates daily operations in the use of organizational procedures.
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Keywords
Metodología para crear ontologías, Procedimientos organizacionales, Jerga organizacional, Ontología, Gestión de procedimientos organizacionales, Toma de decisiones operativas, Methodology to create ontologies, Organizational procedures, Organizational jargon, Ontology, Management of organizational procedures, Operational decision making