Maximal Respiratory Pressure Reference Equations in Healthy Adults and Cut-off Points for Defining Respiratory Muscle Weakness

• Ana Lista-Paz ^[1] ; Daniel Langer ^[2] ; Margarita Barral-Fernández ^[1] ; Alejandro Quintela-del-Río ^[1] ; Elena Gimeno-Santos ^[3] ; Ane Arbillaga-Etxarri ^[4] ; Rodrigo Torres-Castro ^[5] ; Jordi Vilaró Casamitjana ^[11] ; Ana B. Varas de la Fuente ^[12] ; Cristina Serrano Veguillas ^[12] ; Pilar Bravo Cortés ^[13] ; Concepción Martín Cortijo ^[14] ; Esther García Delgado ^[14] ; Beatriz Herrero-Cortina ^[6] ; José Luis Valera ^[7] ; Guilherme A.F. Fregonezi ^[15] ; Carolina González Montañez ^[16] ; Rocío Martín-Valero ^[8] ; Marina Francín-Gallego ^[9] ; Yolanda Sanesteban Hermida ^[1] ; Esther Giménez Moolhuyzen ^[1] ; Jorge Álvarez Rivas ^[10] ; Antonio T. Ríos-Cortes ^[17] ; Sonia Souto-Camba ^[1] ; Luz González-Doniz ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidade da Coruña

     Universidade da Coruña

     A Coruña, España

     
  2. [2] KU Leuven

     KU Leuven

     Arrondissement Leuven, Bélgica

     
  3. [3] Hospital Clinic Barcelona

     Hospital Clinic Barcelona

     Barcelona, España

     
  4. [4] Universidad de Deusto

     Universidad de Deusto

     Bilbao, España

     
  5. [5] Universidad de Chile

     Universidad de Chile

     Santiago, Chile

     
  6. [6] Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa

     Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa

     Zaragoza, España

     
  7. [7] Hospital Universitario Son Espases

     Hospital Universitario Son Espases

     Palma de Mallorca, España

     
  8. [8] Universidad de Málaga

     Universidad de Málaga

     Málaga, España

     
  9. [9] Universidad San Jorge

     Universidad San Jorge

     Zaragoza, España

     
  10. [10] Universidad de Córdoba

      Universidad de Córdoba

      Cordoba, España

      
  11. [11] Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
  12. [12] School University of Physiotherapy ONCE, University Autónoma of Madrid, Spain
  13. [13] Paraplegics National Hospital of Toledo, Spain
  14. [14] University Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
  15. [15] PneumoCardioVascular Lab/HUOL, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
  16. [16] University Hospital of Canarias, Spain
  17. [17] General University Hospital Santa Lucía, Spain

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• Localización: Archivos de bronconeumología: Organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica SEPAR y la Asociación Latinoamericana de Tórax ( ALAT ), ISSN 0300-2896, Vol. 59, Nº. 12, 2023, págs. 813-820
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2023.08.016
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • Introduction Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (PImax/PEmax) reference equations obtained in healthy people are needed to correctly interpret respiratory muscle strength. Currently, no clear cut-off points defining respiratory muscle weakness are available. We aimed to establish sex-specific reference equations for PImax/PEmax in a large sample of healthy adults and to objectively determine cut-off points for respiratory muscle weakness.

    Methods A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted across 14 Spanish centres. Healthy non-smoking volunteers aged 18–80 years stratified by sex and age were recruited. PImax/PEmax were assessed using uniform methodology according to international standards. Multiple linear regressions were used to obtain reference equations. Cut-off points for respiratory muscle weakness were established by using T-scores.

    Results The final sample consisted of 610 subjects (314 females; 48 [standard deviation, SD: 17] years). Reference equations for PImax/PEmax included body mass index and a squared term of the age as independent variables for both sexes (p < 0.01). Cut-off points for respiratory muscle weakness based on T-scores ≥2.5 SD below the peak mean value achieved at a young age were: 62 and 83 cmH2O for PImax and 81 and 109 cmH2O for PEmax in females and males, respectively.

    Conclusion These reference values, based on the largest dataset collected in a European population to date using uniform methodology, help identify cut-off points for respiratory muscle weakness in females and males. These data will help to better identify the presence of respiratory muscle weakness and to determine indications for interventions to improve respiratory muscle function.