Registro de títulos académicos mediante una aplicación basada en Blockchain y Smart Contracts

• Morales-Morales, Mario ^[1] ; Rosero-Correa, Luis ^[1] ; Morales-Cardoso, Santiago
  1. [1] Universidad Central del Ecuador

     Universidad Central del Ecuador

     Quito, Ecuador

     
• Localización: Revista Cátedra, ISSN-e 2631-2875, Vol. 3, Nº. 2, 2020 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Revista Cátedra), págs. 73-98
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.29166/catedra.v3i2.2200
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Recordkeeping of academic degrees through an application based on Blockchain and Smart Contracts
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    La implementación de nuevas tecnologías en cualquier tipo de institución surge de la necesidad de generar mejoras en los procesos que éstas realizan con el fin de ofrecer mejores productos y servicios. En este artículo se analiza la propuesta de factibilidad de una aplicación basada en la tecnología Blockchain y en los contratos inteligentes para reproducir el proceso de asignar títulos académicos a estudiantes sin necesidad de un ente central, terceras personas y procesos burocráticos mientras se aprovecha las características de estas tecnologías como la transparencia, la seguridad y la inmutabilidad. Así, se desarrolló dos contratos inteligentes complementarios entre sí aprovechando las características que existen actualmente para crear estructuras que representan objetos de la vida real y funciones que manejen estas estructuras como parámetros. Estos contratos se ejecutaron en un entorno virtualizado el que se simuló una cadena de bloques de Ethereum con el conjunto de herramientas de Truffle. Se evaluó los contratos inteligentes ingresando datos de prueba y con estos registros almacenados en la cadena de bloques se ejecutó el proceso de asignar los títulos académicos a los estudiantes a través de una función dentro del contrato inteligente principal. Para validar que el proceso se ejecutó correctamente, se realizó consultas a la cadena de bloques y se verificó que los registros de asignaciones de títulos se generaron y almacenaron en la cadena de bloques con éxito. De esta manera se pudo concluir que es factible el modelo propuesto basado en tecnología blockchain y contratos inteligentes.

  • English

    The implementation of new technologies in any type of institution arises from the need to generate improvements in the processes they execute in order to offer better products and services. This article analyzes the feasibility proposal of an application based on Blockchain technology and smart contracts to execute the process of assigning academic degrees to students without the need for a central entity, third parties and bureaucratic processes while taking advantage of the characteristics of these technologies such as transparency, security and immutability. Thus, two complementary smart contracts were developed, taking advantage of the features that currently exist to create structures that represent real-life objects and functions that handle these structures as parameters. These contracts were executed in a virtualized environment in which an Ethereum blockchain was simulated with the Truffle toolset. Smart contracts were evaluated by entering test data and with these records stored in the blockchain, the process of assigning academic titles to students through a function within the main smart contract was executed. To validate that the process ran successfully, the blockchain was queried, and it was verified that the title assignment records were successfully generated and stored on the blockchain. In this way, it was possible to conclude that the proposed model based on blockchain technology and smart contracts is feasible.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Alharby, M., y Moorsel, A. Van. (2017). Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts : a Systematic Mapping Study, 125–140. https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2017.71011
  • Álvarez, R., Andrade, A., y Zamora, A. (2018). Optimizing a Password Hashing Function with Hardware-Accelerated Symmetric Encryption. Symmetry,...
  • Andoni, M., Robu, V., Flynn, D., Abram, S., Geach, D., Jenkins, D., … Peacock, A. (2019). Blockchain technology in the energy sector: A systematic...
  • Antonopoulos, A. M. (2017). Mastering Bitcoin [Book]. (T. McGovern, Ed.) (Second Edi). O’Reilly Media. Retrieved from https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/mastering-bitcoin/9781491902639/
  • Antonopoulos, A. M., y Wood, G. (2018). Mastering Ethereum (First). USA: O’Reilly Media, Inc.
  • Arenas, R., y Fernandez, P. (2018). CredenceLedger: A Permissioned Blockchain for Verifiable Academic Credentials. 2018 IEEE International...
  • Ast, F. (2018). Entendiendo el Gas en Ethereum. Retrieved April 19, 2020, from https://medium.com/la-disrupción-del-blockchain/entendiendo-el-gas-en-ethereum-e77a6f30090f
  • BBVA Research. (2016). TECNOLOGÍA BLOCKCHAIN. BBVA Innovation Center, 14. Retrieved from https://www.bbva.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/ebook-cibbv-tecnologia_blockchain-es.pdf
  • Bermingham, F. (2018). Skuchain uses blockchain and IoT for new supply chain platform. Retrieved from https://www.gtreview.com/news/fintech/skuchain-uses-blockchain-and-iot-to-launch-supply-chain-platform/
  • Buterin, V. (2009). A Next Generation Smart Contract y Decentralized Application Platform, (January). https://doi.org/10.5663/aps.v1i1.10138
  • Christidis, K., y Devetsikiotis, M. (2016). Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things. IEEE Access, 4, 7. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2566339
  • coinPY.net. (2018). Guía básica de ETHEREUM. CoinPY.Net Crypto Hosting, 13. Retrieved from https://www.coinpy.net/assets/docs/eth-guide-es.pdf
  • Crosby, M., Pattanayak, P., Verma, S., y Kalyanaraman, V. (2015). Blockchain Technology Beyond Bitcoin. Sutardja Center for Entrepreneurship...
  • Destefanis, G., Marchesi, M., Ortu, M., Tonelli, R., Bracciali, A., y Hierons, R. (2018). Smart contracts vulnerabilities: A call for blockchain...
  • Dika, A., y Nowostawski, M. (2017). Ethereum Smart Contracts: Security Vulnerabilities and Security Tools, (December). Retrieved from https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2479191/18400_FULLTEXT.pdf
  • Ethereum. (2017). Solidity Documentation. Ethereum Foundation, 1(1). Retrieved from https://ethereum.github.io/solidity/docs/home/
  • Galvez, J. F., Mejuto, J. C., y Simal-Gandara, J. (2018). Future challenges on the use of blockchain for food traceability analysis. TrAC...
  • Gómez, S. C., Castro, S., Presidente, G., Malagón, J., Técnico, V., Montoya, G., … Sánchez, A. (2017). Blockchain: mirando más allá del Bitcoin....
  • Grewal-Carr, V., y Marshall, S. (2016). Blockchain Enigma. Paradox. Opportunity. Deloitte, 5. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/Innovation/deloitte-uk-blockchain-full-report.pdf
  • Gürkaynak, G., Yılmaz, İ., Yeşilaltay, B., y Bengi, B. (2018). Intellectual property law and practice in the blockchain realm. Computer Law...
  • Hammi, M. T., Hammi, B., Bellot, P., y Serhrouchni, A. (2018). Bubbles of Trust: A decentralized blockchain-based authentication system for...
  • Hyperledger. (2018). Hyperledger Architecture, Volume II (Smart Contracts). Hyperledger, II. Retrieved from https://www.hyperledger.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Hyperledger_Arch_WG_Paper_2_SmartContracts.pdf
  • Kiffer, L., Levin, D., y Mislove, A. (2017). Stick a fork in it: Analyzing the Ethereum network partition. Proceedings of the 16th ACM Workshop...
  • Kumar, N. M. (2018). Blockchain: Enabling wide range of services in distributed energy system. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied...
  • Liang, G., Sommer, B., y Vaidya, N. (2012). Experimental performance comparison of byzantine fault-tolerant protocols for data centers. Proceedings...
  • Luu, L., Chu, D.-H., Olickel, H., Saxena, P., y Hobor, A. (2016). Making Smart Contracts Smarter. Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference...
  • Makhdoom, I., Abolhasan, M., Abbas, H., & Ni, W. (2018). Blockchain’s adoption in IoT: The challenges, and a way forward. Journal of Network...
  • Medina, M. F. (2016). Análisis y comparación de monedas criptográficas basadas en la tecnología blockchain, 5. Retrieved from http://openaccess.uoc.edu/webapps/o2/bitstream/10609/56344/9/mmedinareyTFM0616presentación.pdf
  • Mendoza-Tello, J. C., Mora, H., Pujol-López, F. A., y Lytras, M. D. (2018). Social Commerce as a Driver to Enhance Trust and Intention to...
  • Microsoft. (2018). How blockchain will transform the modern supply chain. Microsoft, 5. Retrieved from https://azure.microsoft.com/mediahandler/files/resourcefiles/how-blockchain-will-transform-modern-supply-chain/how-blockchain-will-transform-modern-supply-chain.pdf
  • Min, H. (2018). Blockchain technology for enhancing supply chain resilience. Business Horizons, 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.012
  • Mylrea, M., y Gourisetti, S. N. G. (2017). Blockchain for smart grid resilience: Exchanging distributed energy at speed, scale and security....
  • Pérez, G. (2004). Modelos de investigación cualitativa en educación social y animación sociocultural. Aplicaciones prácticas. (F. Rubio, Ed.)...
  • Quecedo, R., y Castaño, C. (2002). Introducción a la metodología de investigación cualitativa. Revista de Psicodidáctica. Retrieved from https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/175/17501402.pdf
  • Reyna, A., Martín, C., Chen, J., Soler, E., y Díaz, M. (2018). On blockchain and its integration with IoT. Challenges and opportunities. Future...
  • Rodríguez Gómez, D., y Valldeorialo Roquet, J. (2014). Metodología de la investigación. Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 82. Retrieved from...
  • Rosero Correa, L. E. (2019). Propuesta de una aplicación basada en la tecnología blockchain para el registro de títulos académicos (Bachelor’s...
  • Singh, M., y Kim, S. (2018). Branch based blockchain technology in intelligent vehicle. Computer Networks, 145, 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2018.08.016
  • Toyoda, K., Takis Mathiopoulos, P., Sasase, I., y Ohtsuki, T. (2017). A Novel Blockchain-Based Product Ownership Management System (POMS)...
  • Vujičić, D., Jagodić, D., y Randić, S. (2018). Blockchain technology, bitcoin, and Ethereum: A brief overview. 2018 17th International Symposium...
  • Xu, X., Pautasso, C., Gramoli, V., Ponomarev, A., y Chen, S. (2016). The blockchain as a software connector. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=11a67777-b990-48ef-a0f8-e1668042182a%40sessionmgr103&bdata=Jmxhbmc9ZnImc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZl#AN=20113397930&db=lah
  • Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H., Chen, X., y Wang, H. (2017). An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends....