Trabajo, familia y percepción de la propia salud en las enfermeras: Relación con el cáncer de mama y el trabajo a turnos

• Javier Fagundo Rivera ^[1] ; Juan Gómez Salgado ; Juan Jesús García-Iglesias ; Regina Allande Cussó ; Mónica Ortega Moreno ; Carlos Ruiz Frutos
  1. [1] Universidad de Sevilla

     Universidad de Sevilla

     Sevilla, España

     
• Localización: Revista española de salud pública, ISSN 1135-5727, ISSN-e 2173-9110, Nº. 95, 2021
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Work, family and nurses perception about their own health: relationship with breast cancer and shift work
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    Fundamentos: El cáncer de mama es una enfermedad comúnmente diagnosticada en las enfermeras que en los últimos años se ha relacionado con el trabajo a turnos y el trabajo nocturno. A su vez, diferentes componentes del estrés laboral también afectan a la salud y la conciliación laboral, familiar y social de las enfermeras. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las características familiares y laborales de las enfermeras españolas que realizan trabajo por turnos (incluyendo el nocturno) en busca de posibles asociaciones con las manifestaciones del estrés psicosomático y el riesgo de padecer cáncer de mama.

    Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo transversal a través de un cuestionario virtual en una muestra de 966 enfermeras colegiadas en España entre diciembre de 2019 y noviembre de 2020. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables sociodemográficas y laborales, y se contrastaron las diferencias y asociaciones estadísticamente significativas estimando riesgos e intervalos de confianza.

    Resultados: El número de noches y el número de años trabajados fueron estadísticamente significativos para la asociación con el cáncer de mama. Además, otras manifestaciones psicosomáticas como el insomnio, las palpitaciones o el cansancio extremo fueron destacadas.

    Entre los aspectos más apreciados para generar satisfacción laboral se encontraba la relación con los compañeros de trabajo.

    Conclusiones: El trabajo a turnos rotatorios puede provocar múltiples alteraciones clínicas y puede generar problemas relacionados con la conciliación familiar, el autocuidado personal o con el propio bienestar laboral.

    Es importante regular la sobrecarga física, psicológica y emocional de las enfermeras.

  • English

    Background: Breast cancer is a commonly diagnosed disease in nurses that, from recent years, has been linked to shift work and night work. Also, different components of work stress have such an impact on the nurses’ health and work, family and social conciliation. The objective of this research was to analyze the family and working characteristics of Spanish nurses who perform shift work (including night shifts) in search of possible associations with manifestations of psychosomatic stress and the risk of breast cancer.

    Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted through a virtual questionnaire in a sample of 966 Registered Nurses in Spain between December 2019 and November 2020. A descriptive analysis of sociodemographic and occupational variables was performed, and statistically significant differences and associations were contrasted by estimating risks and confidence intervals.

    Results: The number of night shifts throughout life and the number of years worked were statistically significant for the association with breast cancer. In addition, other psychosomatic manifestations such as insomnia, palpitations or extreme tiredness were highlighted.

    Among the most appreciated aspects to generate job satisfaction, co-worker’s relationship was underlined.

    Conclusions: Rotating shift work can cause multiple clinical alterations that could lead to problems related to family conciliation, self-care or employment wellness.

    It is important to control the physical, psychological and emotional overload of nurses.

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